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Simulator for QPSK Modulation Quadrature (4-PSK) Bitstream (Even length) Carrier Freq (Hz) Samples Per Symbol Run QPSK Simulation The Math Behind QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a form of digital modulation that transmits two bits per symbol by changing the phase of a carrier wave. s(t) = A cos(2ฯf c t + ฮธ n ) Phase (ฮธ n ): Each pair of bits (dibit) corresponds to a specific phase shift. In Gray coding, we use: "00" → ฯ/4 (45°) "01" → 3ฯ/4 (135°) "11" → 5ฯ/4 (225°) "10" → 7ฯ/4 (315°) Efficiency: Since 4 phases are used, QPSK carries double the data of BPSK in the same bandwidth. ...