90) Given below are two statements  Statement I: By bringing together the computational capability of microelectronics with the perception and control capabilities of microminiaturized sensors and actuators, MEMS technologies are enabling smart systems on a chip to be mass produced.  Statement II: While considering IoT deployment, data integrity and authenticity are no more security concerns at the sensor node level.  In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true [Option ID = 3189]  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false [Option ID = 3190]  3. Statement I is true but Statement II is false [Option ID = 3191]  4. Statement I is false but Statement II is true [Option ID = 3192]  Answer: 3 Previous yr Question papers with Full Explanations → Electronics and Communiaction Study Materials → ...

  89) Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R     Assertion A : Major advantage of DRAM is that the capacitor cell never loses its charge and hence there is no need to refresh periodically.  Reason R: When DRAM is being refreshed, the data cannot be accessed.   In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A [Option ID = 3185]  2. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A [Option ID = 3186]  3. A is true but R is false [Option ID = 3187]  4. A is false but R is true [Option ID = 3188]  Answer: 4 Detailed Explanation: Why A is False: DRAM (Dynamic RAM) stores data in capacitors . Capacitors naturally leak charge over time. To prevent data loss, the memory controller must perform a Refresh Cycle ...

  88) Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R   Assertion A: A reflex klystron is a single cavity high power generator of efficiency 90%.   Reason R: The loop gain is unity with a phase shift of multiple of 2π.  In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below  1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A [Option ID = 3181]  2. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A [Option ID = 3182]  3. A is correct but R is not correct [Option ID = 3183]  4. A is not correct but R is correct [Option ID = 3184]  Answer: 4 Solution A reflex klystron is indeed a single-cavity microwave oscillator . However, it is a low-power microwave source, not a high-power generator. Its efficiency is typically around 20%–30% , sometimes up to 40% , but not 90% . Statement 2: This is the Barkhausen cri...

87) Given below are two statements  Statement I: The scaling theorem relates scale changes in frequency domain to the consequent changes in scale in the time domain.  Statement II: The scaling theorem is not applicable to an impulse signal.  In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true [Option ID = 3177]  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false [Option ID = 3178]  3. Statement I is true but Statement II is false [Option ID = 3179]  4. Statement I is false but Statement II is true [Option ID = 3180]  Answer: 1 Solution Statement I: CORRECT The Scaling Theorem (or Time-Scaling Property) states that if a signal is compressed in time, its frequency spectrum expands, and vice-versa. This is known as the reciprocal relationship between time and frequency. If x(t) ↔ X(ω), Then x(at) ↔ (1/|a|) * X(ω/a) ...

  86) Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A: When MOSFET is in conductive state, the saturation current flow after the channel is pinchedoff.  Reason R: The substrate bias affects the threshold voltage of a MOSFET.   In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below  1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A [Option ID = 3173]  2. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A [Option ID = 3174]  3. A is correct but R is not correct [Option ID = 3175]  4. A is not correct but R is correct [Option ID = 3176]  Answer: 2 Explanation: Analysis of Assertion A: This statement is Correct . In a MOSFET, when the drain-to-source voltage (V DS ) reaches the overdrive voltage (V GS - V th ), the inversion layer at the drain end disappe...

  GMSK Performance: Why the BER vs. SNR Curve Matters If you’ve ever wondered why GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) became the backbone of the global GSM revolution, the answer lies in its unique balance of spectral efficiency and power performance. But there is no free lunch in engineering. To get that sleek, narrow spectrum, you have to pay a price in Bit Error Rate (BER) . In this guide, we break down the theoretical BER vs. SNR performance of GMSK, the "magic" of the BT product, and how to optimize your link budget for real-world conditions. What is GMSK and Why Should You Care? GMSK is a derivative of MSK (Minimum Shift Keying) that uses a Gaussian pre-modulation filter. This filter "smooths" the phase transitions, significantly reducing sideband power. The result? A constant envelope signal that allows you to use high-efficiency Class-C amplifiers without distorting the signal. This is the secr...

FREQUENCY RATIOS: OCTAVES vs. DECADES Mastering the Logarithmic Language of Bode Plots f: 100.0 Hz 1. Set Reference Frequency 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 2. Slope Comparison ($N$) -20 dB/dec -40 dB/dec -60 dB/dec -12 dB/oct LIVE CONVERSION: +1 Octave: -- +1 Decade: -- LOG-LOG SCALE: MAGNITUDE RESPONSE ━━ Current Response - - Octave Span - - Decade Spa...

  85) Arrange the following manometric liquid in ascending order of their specific gravity at 20 º C.    A. Water   B. Carbon tetrachloride   C. Transformer Oil   D. Mercury   E. Dibutylphthalate   Choose the correct answer from the options given below  1. A, C, B, E, D [Option ID = 3169]  2. A, D, B, C, E [Option ID = 3170]  3. C, A, E, B, D [Option ID = 3171]  4. B, C, A, E, D [Option ID = 3172]  Answer: 3 Solution Name Specific gravity (20°C) Water 1 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) 1.594 Transformer Oil 0.856 Mercury 13.55 Dibutyl Phthalate 1.04 Previous yr Question papers with Full Explanations → Electronics and Communiaction Study Materials →