Skip to main content
Home Wireless Communication Modulation MATLAB Beamforming Project Ideas MIMO Computer Networks Lab 🚀
Electronics Industry Wireless FORUM Work Hub Applications & Games Generate QR for Any Link Sitemap Generator (for Any Website) Play game Electrical & Electronics Calculator Contact Get Newsletter.
☰

HomePage

 

(Search any topic)


Search any topic on the whole website
  1. Modulation
  2. Signal Processing
  3. Beamforming
  4. MATLAB
  5. 5G
  6. Wireless
  7. GATE-ESE-NET
  8. Programming
  9. Telecommunication
  10. Channel Impulse Response
  11. Computer Networks
  12. MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output
  13. Filters
  14. Millimeter wave
  15. Python 
  16. Constellation Diagrams
  17. BER vs SNR
  18. Electronics Industry
  19. Fourier Series and Fourier Transform
  20. Frequency bands
  21. Wireless Communication Q & A
  22. ASK FSK PSK
  23. Channel Model
  24. IoTs
  25. UWB
  26. pskmod
  27. Antenna
  28. Applications and Games
  29. C Programming
  30. Channel Estimation
  31. Equalizers
  32. Gaussian Random Variable
  33. Projects
  34. Q & A
  35. QAM
  36. Transform
  37. Fading
  38. Microwave
  39. News about 5G
  40. PAM
  41. Python Matrix Operations
  42. SSC Exam
  43. Web Design
  44. WordPress
  45. Ionospheric Communication
  46. JavaScript
  47. MATLAB Simulink
  48. Mobile & Accessories
  49. OFDM
  50. Signal Processing for 5G
  51. Analog Circuits
  52. Cell Towers
  53. Computer
  54. Digital Circuits
  55. Fourier Series
  56. HomePage
  57. Information and Coding Theory
  58. Laplace Transform
  59. MySQL
  60. Node.js
  61. Search
  62. ShareLinkF / Generate QR
  63. Z Transform

 

It's an Electronic Communication Systems-focused technical blog. In this blog, we'll discuss Electronic communication systems, Wireless Communication, Telecommunication, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G [Read More], IoTs, MIMO, Beamforming, Millimeter wave, UWB, Microwave links, Wireless channels, Modulation techniques, GATE ESE, UGC-NET, Project / Thesis ideas [↗], Electronics industry, Programming, Web design, Short term courses, etc.



Ask your questions in the forum [↗]. We post articles about wireless communication technologies such as Wireless, 5G, UWB, Millimeter wave, Beamforming, IoTs, and MATLAB. Web design, WordPress, and other related topics are also significant components of our site.

 


Constellation Diagrams

Digital communication is complete with constellation diagrams. If you have a digital communication interview, the interviewer will ask you to draw a constellation diagram.

Ber vs. S.NR

The relationship between BER and SNR reveals how many transmitted bits from a communication system are corrupted. Did you know? Bit error rates for practical communication systems are close to 10-5 or better.




People are good at skipping over material they already know!

View Related Topics to







Admin & Author: Salim

profile

  Website: www.salimwireless.com
  Interests: Signal Processing, Telecommunication, 5G Technology, Present & Future Wireless Technologies, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Networks, Millimeter Wave Band Channel, Web Development
  Seeking an opportunity in the Teaching or Electronics & Telecommunication domains.
  Possess M.Tech in Electronic Communication Systems.


Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

MATLAB code for BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ...

Modulation Constellation Diagrams BER vs. SNR MATLAB code for BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ...   MATLAB Script for  BER vs. SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK %Written by Salim Wireless %Visit www.salimwireless.com for study materials on wireless communication %or, if you want to learn how to code in MATLAB clc; clear; close all; % Parameters num_symbols = 1e5; % Number of symbols snr_db = -20:2:20; % Range of SNR values in dB % PSK orders to be tested psk_orders = [2, 4, 8, 16, 32]; % QAM orders to be tested qam_orders = [4, 16, 64, 256]; % Initialize BER arrays ber_psk_results = zeros(length(psk_orders), length(snr_db)); ber_qam_results = zeros(length(qam_orders), length(snr_db)); % BER calculation for each PSK order and SNR value for i = 1:length(psk_orders) psk_order = psk_orders(i); for j = 1:length(snr_db) % Generate random symbols data_symbols = randi([0, psk...
Read more

BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...

Modulation Constellation Diagrams BER vs. SNR BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ... 1. What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The abbreviation BER stands for bit error rate, which indicates how many corrupted bits are received (after the demodulation process) compared to the total number of bits sent in a communication process. It is defined as,  In mathematics, BER = (number of bits received in error / total number of transmitted bits)  On the other hand, SNR refers to the signal-to-noise power ratio. For ease of calculation, we commonly convert it to dB or decibels.   2. What is Signal the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)? SNR = signal power/noise power (SNR is a ratio of signal power to noise power) SNR (in dB) = 10*log(signal power / noise power) [base 10] For instance, the SNR for a given communication system is 3dB. So, SNR (in ratio) = 10^{SNR (in dB) / 10} = 2 Therefore, in this instance,...
Read more

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2022: Previous Year Question Papers ...   NET | GATE | ESE | UGC-NET (Electronics Science, Subject code: 88 ) UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2024] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2024] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2023] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2023] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2022]  UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2022]   UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2021] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2020] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2019] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer...
Read more

Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK | And the definitions of each

Modulation ASK, FSK & PSK Constellation MATLAB Simulink MATLAB Code Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK    Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK Comparison among ASK,  FSK, and PSK Performance Comparison: 1. Noise Sensitivity:    - ASK is the most sensitive to noise due to its reliance on amplitude variations.    - PSK is less sensitive to noise compared to ASK.    - FSK is relatively more robust against noise, making it suitable for noisy environments. 2. Bandwidth Efficiency:    - PSK is the most bandwidth-efficient, requiring less bandwidth than FSK for the same data rate.    - FSK requires wider bandwidth compared to PSK.    - ASK's bandwidth efficiency lies between FSK and PSK. Bandwidth Calculator for ASK, FSK, and PSK The baud rate represents the number of symbols transmitted per second Select Modulation Type: ASK...
Read more

Simulation of ASK, FSK, and PSK using MATLAB Simulink

ASK, FSK & PSK HomePage MATLAB Simulation Simulation of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) using MATLAB Simulink      In Simulink, we pick different components/elements from MATLAB Simulink Library. Then we connect the components and perform a particular operation.  Result A sine wave source, a pulse generator, a product block, a mux, and a scope are shown in the diagram above. The pulse generator generates the '1' and '0' bit sequences. Sine wave sources produce a specific amplitude and frequency. The scope displays the modulated signal as well as the original bit sequence created by the pulse generator. Mux is a tool for displaying both modulated and unmodulated signals at the same time. The result section shows that binary '1' is modulated by a certain sine wave amplitude of 1 Volt, and binary '0' is modulated by zero amplitude. Simulation of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) using MATLAB Simulink   Result The diagram above shows t...
Read more

MATLAB Code for Delta Modulation (DM) and Demodulation

  MATLAB Script  clc; clear all; close all; fs = 10000; fm = 100; t = 0:1/fs:1000/fs; % Time Duration = 1000/10000 = 0.1 second x = 5*sin(2*pi*100*t); % Define Message Signal with peak voltage 5V and frequency 100Hz plot(t, x); hold on y = [0]; % Output DM signal i.e. stream of 1 or 0 xr = 0; % Output of Integrator i.e. staircase approximation; initial value = 0 del = 0.4; % Stepsize for i = 1:length(x)-1 if xr(i) <= x(i) % If current sample greater than the previous values or output of the integrator, output of DM = 1 d = 1; xr(i+1) = xr(i) + del; % Staircase approximated value else d = 0; xr(i+1) = xr(i) - del; % If current sample less than the previous values or output of the integrator, output of DM = 0 end y = [y d]; end stairs(t, xr); % Show the staircase approximated signal title('Staircase Approximated Signal'); hold off MSE = sum((x - xr).^2) / length(x); % Mean Squared Error (MSE) disp(['Mean Squared Error (MSE): ', num2str(MSE)]); figure; % Delta M...
Read more

What are Precoding and Combining Weights / Matrices in a MIMO Beamforming System

MIMO / Massive MIMO Beamforming Techniques Precoding and Combining Weights...   Figure:  configuration of single-user digital precoder for millimeter  Wave massive MIMO system Precoding and combining are two excellent ways to send and receive signals over a multi-antenna communication process, respectively (i.e., MIMO antenna communication ). The channel matrix is the basis of both the precoding and combining matrices. Precoding matrices are typically used on the transmitter side and combining matrixes on the receiving side. The two matrices allow us to generate multiple simultaneous data streams between the transmitter and receiver. The nature of the data streams is also orthogonal. That helps decrease or cancel (theoretically) interference between any two data streams. The channel matrix is first properly diagonalized. Diagonalization is the process of transforming any matrix into an equivalent diagon...
Read more

Analog and Digital Communication Mini Projects | FM, Telecommunication, Mod...

  Mini Project Ideas 1. You can do your mini project on analog communication topic such as FM, walkie-talkie, etc. [1.1]  Analog Communication Based Project [1.2] MATLAB Code for Frequency Modulation (FM) 2. Compare the ASK, FSK, and PSK systems' relative performances. ( Include an introduction, concise descriptions of ASK, FSK, and PSK, MATLAB, and Simulink . You can then compare ASK, FSK, and PSK by creating BER vs. SNR graphs for each of those modulations, as well as by comparing their bandwidth, noise resistivity, complexity, and other characteristics. ) 3. M-ary Modulation Based Mini Projects (You can go for this project if you are interested in doing projects based on frequently used and modern modulation techniques. You can compare the performance analysis of various modulation schemes, like, bit rate, complexity, SNR v/s BER graph. You know frequently used modulation technique is m ary QPSK. But now QAM is also becoming popular due to its less complexity. But there is...
Read more