Skip to main content
Home Wireless Communication Modulation MATLAB Beamforming Project Ideas MIMO Computer Networks Lab 🚀

Internet of Things (IoTs) : Definition & Its Applications


'Internet of Things' is abbreviated as IoT. For example, we can connect all sensors in a building (such as fire alarms and temperature sensors) and control them remotely from anywhere in the globe. We can, on the other hand, use it to create a smart city. In a logistic system, we may use it to cut down on unnecessary costs and keep things running smoothly.

We'll now discuss how to connect those gadgets to the internet. Cloud services are required for this. The IoT devices should then be connected to the cloud server. You may also operate those IoT devices through a website or an app (as per your need). Your website or app will, however, communicate with the cloud, and all operations will take place on the cloud server. To connect your IoT devices to the internet, you can utilize Amazon Web Services (AWS). The author is not advocating Amazon AWS services in this article. If you can afford it, go for it.


What are the functions of IoT devices?

The major goal of deploying IoT devices is to bring large-scale automation into our daily lives. This will also lower human affords while boosting the economy. It will be used for monitoring 24*7 at a low cost. It will also create new job opportunities as demand grows every day.


How can the Internet of Things (IoT) help to revolutionize our society?

Sensors, robotics, and machineries connected to the internet, V2V (vehicle to vehicle) communication, V2I (vehicle to infrastructure) communication, and M2M (machine to machine) communication have all been major concerns for many years. Although these devices consume less data, it is critical to maintain ultra-low latency in order to connect with all IoT devices (nodes) in real time. Due to its large bandwidth resource, modern 5G technology or millimeter wave band has the potential to handle thousands of devices per square kilometer simultaneously and smoothly. The extremely high frequency band, on the other hand, satisfies the ultra-low latency condition as well.


In which areas may the Internet of Things be used to benefit society?


Agriculture

It can give real-time monitoring of crop growth and the requirement for crop harvesting. It may monitor the dryness of the soil, for example, and assist in watering the plants as needed, thanks to AI (artificial intelligence). It has the potential to make farming easier than it has ever been before.


Construction

In construction sites, AI (artificial intelligence) combined with IoT devices can be utilized for risk management, reducing construction site mishaps by adding an extra layer of security.


Education

IoT sensors can be used for energy management by installing IoTs in lights and taps.  It can also be utilised to create a safe and secure school or college atmosphere. With the use of AI, a student can select appropriate elective subjects based on their knowledge. Educational learning apps, on the other hand, can make decisions based on how subject knowledge is provided as well as inputs or feedback from students.


Fleet Management

In today's world, road safety is a hot topic. Every day, many lives are lost as a result of road accidents. We can monitor roadways 24*7, thanks to AI-enabled IoTs. If an accident occurs, or someone violates the speed limit, it will alert the response team immediately. In the same way, IoT sensors put on vehicles can aid fleet management. It has the potential to increase commercial vehicle safety and efficiency.


Healthcare

We all know how critical IoT devices are in the healthcare industry. Every second counts for a patient in this situation. The creation of cloud-based healthcare systems is an excellent notion for saving many lives. Patients, for example, can download healthcare apps to their smartphones based on their needs, and the app will monitor the patient's health state 24 hours a day, seven days a week. It will also automatically convey the message to nearby relatives or doctors.


Logistics

Without a question, a country's logistic system is its economic backbone. If it fails even slightly, we will see price hikes all around us. With an AI-enabled IoT-based logistic system, society can experience a revolution by decreasing unnecessary delays in the delivery process as well as reducing commodities waste.

 

Smart Cities and Spaces

As we move forward in time, we realize the importance of smart cities. This will aid in energy management, air pollution reduction, water management, traffic management, healthcare, parking, and natural disaster management, among other things.


Smart Campus


Smart Malls/Retail


Traffic Management

Traffic management in cities is essential; otherwise, there will be major traffic congestion in popular locations and completely empty streets elsewhere. This is partly dependent on the road's architecture and layout, however smart traffic signals can help. For example, traffic lights should adjust automatically based on traffic volume, with green lights lasting longer when there is more traffic and shorter when the streets are empty. Roads and bridges can also be fitted with sensors to monitor their condition and repair them if they show signs of wear and tear. 

#Unmanned aerial vehicle



People are good at skipping over material they already know!

View Related Topics to







Admin & Author: Salim

profile

  Website: www.salimwireless.com
  Interests: Signal Processing, Telecommunication, 5G Technology, Present & Future Wireless Technologies, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Networks, Millimeter Wave Band Channel, Web Development
  Seeking an opportunity in the Teaching or Electronics & Telecommunication domains.
  Possess M.Tech in Electronic Communication Systems.


Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...

Modulation Constellation Diagrams BER vs. SNR BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ... 1. What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The abbreviation BER stands for bit error rate, which indicates how many corrupted bits are received (after the demodulation process) compared to the total number of bits sent in a communication process. It is defined as,  In mathematics, BER = (number of bits received in error / total number of transmitted bits)  On the other hand, SNR refers to the signal-to-noise power ratio. For ease of calculation, we commonly convert it to dB or decibels.   2. What is Signal the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)? SNR = signal power/noise power (SNR is a ratio of signal power to noise power) SNR (in dB) = 10*log(signal power / noise power) [base 10] For instance, the SNR for a given communication system is 3dB. So, SNR (in ratio) = 10^{SNR (in dB) / 10} = 2 Therefore, in this instance,...

MATLAB Code for QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)

  One of the best-performing modulation techniques is QAM [↗] . Here, we modulate the symbols by varying the carrier signal's amplitude and phase in response to the variation in the message signal (or voltage variation). So, we may say that QAM is a combination of phase and amplitude modulation. Additionally, it performs better than ASK or PSK [↗] . In fact, any constellation for any type of modulation, signal set (or, symbols) is structured in a way that prevents them from interacting further by being distinct by phase, amplitude, or frequency. MATLAB Script (for 4-QAM) % This code is written by SalimWirelss.Com % This is an example of 4-QAM. Here constellation size is 4 % or total number of symbols/signals is 4 % We need 2 bits once to represent four constellation points % QAM modulation is the combination of Amplitude modulation plus % Phase Modulation. We map the decimal value of the input symbols, i.e., % 00, 01, 10, 11 to 1 + 1i, -1 + 1i, 1 - 1i, and -1 - 1i, respectively. cl...

Constellation Diagrams of M-ary PSK | M-ary Modulation

Constellation Diagrams QPSK, M-PSK, M-QAM ... What is the difference between Bit and Symbol in the perspective of transmission? Symbols use bandwidth more efficiently than bits. For example, in the case of QPSK, one symbol or signal waveform is represented by 2 bits. Hence symbol rate is one-half of the bit rate. As a result, it occupies half bandwidth compared to the BPSK waveform. We know the primary purpose of modulation [↗] is to multiplex data. Here multiplexing is done so that there is less interference between parallel data streams. Suppose there is a communication channel; we can transmit a single data stream simultaneously. But if we send a symbol instead of a bit, we can send more than 1 bit at a time. In ASK modulation, we assign two amplitude levels to a signal where a higher level is represented by binary '1' and another level as '0'. For BFSK, we apply phase shift in signal (for example, 0 phase shift for consecutive binary ...

MATLAB Code for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Demodulation

   Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) MATLAB Script clc; clear all; close all; fs=30; %frequency of the sawtooth signal fm=3; %frequency of the message signal sampling_frequency = 10e3; a=0.5; % amplitide t=0:(1/sampling_frequency):1; %sampling rate of 10kHz sawtooth=2*a.*sawtooth(2*pi*fs*t); %generating a sawtooth wave subplot(4,1,1); plot(t,sawtooth); % plotting the sawtooth wave title('Comparator Wave'); msg=a.*sin(2*pi*fm*t); %generating message wave subplot(4,1,2); plot(t,msg); %plotting the sine message wave title('Message Signal'); for i=1:length(sawtooth) if (msg(i)>=sawtooth(i)) pwm(i)=1; %is message signal amplitude at i th sample is greater than %sawtooth wave amplitude at i th sample else pwm(i)=0; end end subplot(4,1,3); plot(t,pwm,'r'); title('PWM'); axis([0 1 0 1.1]); %to keep the pwm visible during plotting. %% Demodulation % Demodulation: Measure the pulse width to reconstruct the signal demodulated_signal = zeros(size(msg)); for i = 1:leng...

How to use MATLAB Simulink

  MATLAB Simulink is a popular add-on of MATLAB. Here, you can use different blocks like modulator, demodulator, AWGN channel, etc. And you can do experiments on your own.       Steps Go to the 'Simulink' tab at the top navbar of MATLAB. If not found, click on the add-on tab, search 'Simulink,' and then click on it to add. Once you installed the simulation, click the 'new' tap at the top left corner. Then, search the required blocks in the 'Simulink library.' Then, drag it to the editor space. You can double-click on the blocks to see the input parameters Then, connect the blocks by dragging a line from one block's output terminal to another block's input. If the connection is complete, click the 'run' tab in the middle of the top navbar.   After clicking on the run button, your Simulink is ready. Then double-click on any block to see the output   The following block diagram is an example of the MATLAB simulation of 'QPSK...

MATLAB Code for ASK, FSK, and PSK

ASK, FSK & PSK HomePage MATLAB Code MATLAB Code for Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) % The code is written by SalimWireless.Com % Clear previous data and plots clc; clear all; close all; % Parameters Tb = 1; % Bit duration fc = 10; % Carrier frequency N = 10; % Number of bits % Generate carrier signal t = 0:Tb/100:1; carrier_signal = sqrt(2/Tb) * sin(2*pi*fc*t); % Generate message signal rng(10); % Set random seed for reproducibility binary_data = rand(1, N); % Generate random binary data t_start = 0; t_end = Tb; for i = 1:N t = [t_start:0.01:t_end]; % Generate message signal if binary_data(i) > 0.5 binary_data(i) = 1; message_signal = ones(1, length(t)); else binary_data(i) = 0; message_signal = zeros(1, length(t)); end % Store message signal message(i,:) = message_signal; % Modulate message with carrier ...

Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK | And the definitions of each

Modulation ASK, FSK & PSK Constellation MATLAB Simulink MATLAB Code Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK    Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK Comparison among ASK,  FSK, and PSK Performance Comparison: 1. Noise Sensitivity:    - ASK is the most sensitive to noise due to its reliance on amplitude variations.    - PSK is less sensitive to noise compared to ASK.    - FSK is relatively more robust against noise, making it suitable for noisy environments. 2. Bandwidth Efficiency:    - PSK is the most bandwidth-efficient, requiring less bandwidth than FSK for the same data rate.    - FSK requires wider bandwidth compared to PSK.    - ASK's bandwidth efficiency lies between FSK and PSK. Bandwidth Calculator for ASK, FSK, and PSK The baud rate represents the number of symbols transmitted per second Select Modulation Type: ASK...

Coherence Bandwidth and Coherence Time

  Coherence Bandwidth Coherence bandwidth is a concept in wireless communication and signal processing that relates to the frequency range over which a wireless channel remains approximately constant in terms of its characteristics. coherence bandwidth is  The inverse of Doppler spread delay time, or any spread delay time due to fading in general.  The coherence bandwidth is related to the delay spread of the channel, which is a measure of the time it takes for signals to traverse the channel. The two are related by the following formulae: Coherence bandwidth = 1/(delay spread time) Or, Coherence Bandwidth = 1/(root-mean-square delay spread time) (Coherence bandwidth in Hertz) For instance, the coherence bandwidth is 2 MHz when the delay spread is {1/(2*10^6)} = 500 ns in a household indoor environment. For narrowband approximation, Coherence Bandwidth = 1/root-mean-square delay spread time Coherence bandwidth is a measure of the frequency spread over which a wir...