Skip to main content
Home Wireless Communication Modulation MATLAB Beamforming Project Ideas MIMO Filters Computer Networks
Electronics Industry Wireless FORUM Work Hub Applications & Games Generate QR for Any Link Sitemap Generator (for Any Website) Play game Electrical & Electronics Calculator Contact Get Newsletter.
☰

Baseband Modulation Techniques

 

Baseband modulation techniques are methods used to encode information signals onto a baseband signal (a signal with frequencies close to zero), allowing for efficient transmission over a communication channel. These techniques are fundamental in various communication systems, including wired and wireless communication. Here are some common baseband modulation techniques:

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) [↗] :

In ASK, the amplitude of the baseband signal is varied to represent different symbols.
Binary ASK (BASK) is a common implementation where two different amplitudes represent binary values (0 and 1).
ASK is simple but susceptible to noise.

 
 
 
Fig 1:  Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation (Get MATLAB Code)

In Figure 1 above, you can see binary information bits are simply represented by carrier signals in the case of binary information '1'. That's why it is called baseband signal.


Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) [↗] :

FSK modulates the frequency of the baseband signal to represent digital data.
In binary FSK (BFSK), two different frequencies represent binary values.
FSK is less susceptible to noise compared to ASK but requires more bandwidth.

 
 
 

 
Fig 2: Frequency Modulation and Demodulation (Get MATLAB Code from here)

In Figure 2 above, you can see binary information bits '1's and '0's are represented by higher frequency carrier signal and lower frequency carrier signal, respectively. So this is also an example of the baseband signal.

Phase Shift Keying (PSK) [↗] :

PSK varies the phase of the baseband signal to represent symbols.
Binary PSK (BPSK) uses two different phase shifts to represent binary values.
Quadrature PSK (QPSK) uses four phase shifts for higher data rates.
PSK is robust against noise and more bandwidth-efficient than ASK and FSK.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) [↗] :

QAM combines ASK and PSK by varying both amplitude and phase of the baseband signal.
In QAM, each symbol represents a combination of amplitude and phase, allowing for higher data rates.
Higher-order QAM (e.g., 16-QAM, 64-QAM) increases the number of symbols and data rates but requires more complex receiver designs.

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) [↗] :

PAM encodes information in the amplitude of pulses in the baseband signal.
PAM is often used in digital communication systems where digital data is encoded into pulse amplitudes.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) [↗] :

OFDM divides the baseband signal into multiple narrowband subcarriers, each modulated using PSK or QAM.


OFDM is widely used in modern communication systems such as Wi-Fi, LTE, and digital television (DVB, ATSC) due to its robustness against frequency-selective fading and ability to mitigate intersymbol interference.

These modulation techniques play crucial roles in various communication systems, each with its advantages and limitations depending on the specific application requirements such as bandwidth efficiency, spectral efficiency, robustness against noise, and complexity of implementation.

People are good at skipping over material they already know!

View Related Topics to







Admin & Author: Salim

profile

  Website: www.salimwireless.com
  Interests: Signal Processing, Telecommunication, 5G Technology, Present & Future Wireless Technologies, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Networks, Millimeter Wave Band Channel, Web Development
  Seeking an opportunity in the Teaching or Electronics & Telecommunication domains.
  Possess M.Tech in Electronic Communication Systems.


Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK | And the definitions of each

Modulation ASK, FSK & PSK Constellation MATLAB Simulink MATLAB Code Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK    Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK ASK or OFF ON Keying Ask is a simple (less complex) Digital Modulation Scheme where we vary the modulation signal's amplitude or voltage by the message signal's amplitude or voltage. We select two levels (two different voltage levels) for transmitting modulated message signals for the exam. And for example, we mapped the signal as two-level  "+5 Volt"  (which is the upper level) and another level,  "0 Volt,"  which is considered as the lower level. Whenever we need to transmit binary bit  "1,"  then the transmitter transmits a signal of  "+5 Volts,"  and when we need to send bit  "0,"  then it transmits no power. But the receiver is intelligent enough to deflect whether you've sent binary bit  "1"  or  "0
Read more

BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...

Modulation Constellation Diagrams BER vs. SNR BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ... 1. What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The abbreviation BER stands for bit error rate, which indicates how many corrupted bits are received (after the demodulation process) compared to the total number of bits sent in a communication process. It is defined as,  In mathematics, BER = (number of bits received in error / total number of transmitted bits)  On the other hand, SNR refers to the signal-to-noise power ratio. For ease of calculation, we commonly convert it to dB or decibels.   2. What is Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)? SNR = signal power/noise power (SNR is a ratio of signal power to noise power) SNR (in dB) = 10*log(signal power / noise power) [base 10] For instance, the SNR for a given communication system is 3dB. So, SNR (in ratio) = 10^{SNR (in dB) / 10} = 2 Therefore, in this instance, the signal power is twice as
Read more

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2022: Previous Year Question Papers ...   NET | GATE | ESE | UGC-NET (Electronics Science, Subject code: 88 ) UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2023] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2023] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2022]  UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2022]   UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2021] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2020] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2019] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2019] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2018] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [July 2018] UG
Read more

Constellation Diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK

Modulation ASK, FSK & PSK Constellation This article will primarily discuss constellation diagrams, as well as what constellation diagrams tell us and the significance of constellation diagrams. Constellation diagrams can often demonstrate how the amplitude and phase of signals or symbols differ. These two characteristics lessen the interference between two signals or symbols. Figure 1: Constellation diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK The constellation points for ASK, PSK, and FSK [↗] are located in a different pattern, and the distances between the constellation points vary. According to the above diagram, the distance between ASK constellation points is (√Eb -0) = √Eb (where Eb stands for energy per bit). From the above figure, you can also see the distances between constellation points for PSK and FSK are 2√Eb and √(2Eb), respectively. In a constellation diagram, if the distance between signaling points is less, then the probability
Read more

MATLAB code for BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ...

Modulation Constellation Diagrams BER vs. SNR MATLAB code for BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ...   MATLAB Script for  BER vs. SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK %Written by Salim Wireless %Visit www.salimwireless.com for study materials on wireless communication %or, if you want to learn how to code in MATLAB clc; clear all; close all; EbN0=-4:1:24; % Signal to Noise Ratio per Bit (in dB) EbN0ratio=10.^(EbN0/10); % Converted into ratio colors={'k-*','r-h','g-o','c-s','m-s','y-*','k-p','b:s','m:d','g:p'}; index=1; %BPSK BPSK_BER = 0.5*erfc(sqrt(EbN0ratio)); plotHandle=plot(EbN0,log10(BPSK_BER),char(colors(index))); set(plotHandle,'LineWidth',1.7); hold on; index=index+1; %M-PSK m=2:1:5; M=2.^m; for i=M, k=log2(i); PSK_BER = 1/k*erfc(sqrt(EbN0ratio*k)*sin(pi/i)); plotHandle=plot
Read more

MATLAB Code for ASK, FSK, and PSK

ASK, FSK & PSK HomePage MATLAB Code MATLAB Code for Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) % The code is written by SalimWireless.Com % Clear previous data and plots clc; clear all; close all; % Parameters Tb = 1; % Bit duration fc = 10; % Carrier frequency N = 10; % Number of bits % Generate carrier signal t = 0:Tb/100:1; carrier_signal = sqrt(2/Tb) * sin(2*pi*fc*t); % Generate message signal rng(10); % Set random seed for reproducibility binary_data = rand(1, N); % Generate random binary data t_start = 0; t_end = Tb; for i = 1:N t = [t_start:0.01:t_end]; % Generate message signal if binary_data(i) > 0.5 binary_data(i) = 1; message_signal = ones(1, length(t)); else binary_data(i) = 0; message_signal = zeros(1, length(t)); end % Store message signal message(i,:) = message_signal; % Modulate message with carrier
Read more

MATLAB Codes for Various types of beamforming | Beam Steering, Digital...

Beamforming Techniques MATLAB Codes for Beamforming... The mathematical [↗] and theoretical aspects of beamforming [↗] have already been covered. We'll talk about coding in MATLAB in this tutorial so that you may generate results for different beamforming approaches. Let's go right to the content of the article. In analog beamforming, certain codebooks are employed on the TX and RX sides to select the best beam pairs. Because of their beamforming gains, communication created through the strongest beams from both the TX and RX side enhances spectrum efficiency. Additionally, beamforming gain directly impacts SNR improvement. Wireless communication system capacity = bandwidth*log2(1+SNR) bits/s. Thus, the capacity or overall throughput of the system increases. MATLAB Script %Written by Salim Wireless %Visit www.salimwireless.com for study materials on wireless communication %or, if you want to learn how to code in MATLAB clear all;
Read more