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MIMO / Massive MIMO

MIMO Topics

MIMO multiple input multiple output | Basics
MIMO - Spatial Multiplexing & Capacity

Channel Matrix

What is Channel Matrix in MIMO Communication?
MATLAB Code for Rank and Condition Number of a Channel Matrix

Optimal Power Allocation in MIMO Systems

Optimal Power Allocation in MIMO

Beamforming in MIMO Systems

Beamforming in MIMO
Massive MIMO in 5G
Analog Beamforming
Digital Beamforming
Hybrid Beamforming
MATLAB Comparison of Beamforming
Optimal Precoding in MIMO
Identify the challenges in control of MIMO system
MIMO | Questions and Answers

Wireless Communication
Digital Communication & Modulation Techniques
Frequency Bands
5G Technology
Computer Networking
GATE-ESE-NET

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BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...

📘 Overview of BER and SNR 🧮 Online Simulator for BER calculation of m-ary QAM and m-ary PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation of M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ... 📚 Further Reading 📂 View Other Topics on M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK ... 🧮 Online Simulator for Constellation Diagram of m-ary QAM 🧮 Online Simulator for Constellation Diagram of m-ary PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation of Alamouti Scheme 🧮 Different approaches to calculate BER vs SNR What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The abbreviation BER stands for bit error rate, which indicates how many corrupted bits are received (after the demodulation process) compared to the total number of bits sent in a communication process. It is defined as, In mathematics, BER = (number of bits received in error / total number of transmitted bits) On the other hand, SNR ...

Comparing Baseband and Passband Implementations of ASK, FSK, and PSK

📘 Overview 🧮 Baseband and Passband Implementations of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 Difference betwen baseband and passband 📚 Further Reading 📂 Other Topics on Baseband and Passband ... 🧮 Baseband modulation techniques 🧮 Passband modulation techniques Baseband modulation techniques are methods used to encode information signals onto a baseband signal (a signal with frequencies close to zero), allowing for efficient transmission over a communication channel. These techniques are fundamental in various communication systems, including wired and wireless communication. Here are some common baseband modulation techniques: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) [↗] : In ASK, the amplitude of the baseband signal is varied to represent different symbols. Binary ASK (BASK) is a common implementation where two different amplitudes represent binary values (0 and 1). ASK is simple but susceptible to noise...

Constellation Diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK

📘 Overview of Energy per Bit (Eb / N0) 🧮 Online Simulator for constellation diagrams of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 Theory behind Constellation Diagrams of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 MATLAB Codes for Constellation Diagrams of ASK, FSK, and PSK 📚 Further Reading 📂 Other Topics on Constellation Diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK ... 🧮 Simulator for constellation diagrams of m-ary PSK 🧮 Simulator for constellation diagrams of m-ary QAM BASK (Binary ASK) Modulation: Transmits one of two signals: 0 or -√Eb, where Eb is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1. BFSK (Binary FSK) Modulation: Transmits one of two signals: +√Eb ( On the y-axis, the phase shift of 90 degrees with respect to the x-axis, which is also termed phase offset ) or √Eb (on x-axis), where Eb is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1. BPSK (Binary PSK) Modulation: Transmits one of two signals...

MATLAB Code for Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and Demodulation

📘 Overview & Theory of Pulse Amplitude Moduation (PAM) 🧮 MATLAB Code for Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation of Analog Signal and Digital Signal 🧮 Simulation results for comparison of PAM, PWM, PPM, DM, and PCM 📚 Further Reading 📂 Other Topics on Pulse Amplitude Modulation ... 🧮 MATLAB Code for Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation of an Analog Signal (2) 🧮 MATLAB Code for Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation of Digital data 🧮 Other Pulse Modulation Techniques (e.g., PWM, PPM, DM, and PCM) Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) & Demodulation of an Analog Message Signal MATLAB Script clc; clear all; close all; fm= 10; % frequency of the message signal fc= 100; % frequency of the carrier signal fs=1000*fm; % (=100KHz) sampling frequency (where 1000 is the upsampling factor) t=0:1/fs:1; % sampling rate of (1/fs = 100 kHz) m=1*cos(2*pi*fm*t); % Message signal with per...

Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK | And the definitions of each

📘 Comparisons among ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 Online Simulator for calculating Bandwidth of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER vs. SNR Analysis of ASK, FSK, and PSK 📚 Further Reading 📂 View Other Topics on Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK ... 🧮 Comparisons of Noise Sensitivity, Bandwidth, Complexity, etc. 🧮 MATLAB Code for Constellation Diagrams of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 Online Simulator for ASK, FSK, and PSK Generation 🧮 Online Simulator for ASK, FSK, and PSK Constellation 🧮 Some Questions and Answers Modulation ASK, FSK & PSK Constellation MATLAB Simulink MATLAB Code Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK Simulator for Calculating Bandwidth of ASK, FSK, and PSK The baud rate represents the number of symbols transmitted per second. Both baud rate and bit rate a...

RMS Delay Spread, Excess Delay Spread and Multi-path ...

📘 Overview of Delay Spread and Multi-path 🧮 Excess Delay spread 🧮 Power delay Profile 🧮 RMS Delay Spread 📚 Further Reading 📂 Other Topics on RMS Delay Spread, Excess Delay ... 🧮 Multipath Components or MPCs 🧮 Online Simulator for Calculating RMS Delay Spread 🧮 Why is there significant multipath in the case of very high frequencies? 🧮 Why RMS Delay Spread is essential for wireless communication? 🧮 Why the Power Delay Profile is essential? 🧮 MATLAB Codes for Calculating Different Types of delay Spreads Delay Spread, Excess Delay Spread, and Multipath (MPCs) The fundamental distinction between wireless and wired connections is that in wireless connections signal reaches at receiver thru multipath signal propagation rather than directed transmission like co-axial cable. Wireless Communication has no set communication path between the transmitter and the receiver. The line...

MATLAB Codes for Various types of beamforming | Beam Steering, Digital...

📘 How Beamforming Improves SNR 🧮 MATLAB Code 📚 Further Reading 📂 Other Topics on Beamforming in MATLAB ... MIMO / Massive MIMO Beamforming Techniques Beamforming Techniques MATLAB Codes for Beamforming... How Beamforming Improves SNR The mathematical [↗] and theoretical aspects of beamforming [↗] have already been covered. We'll talk about coding in MATLAB in this tutorial so that you may generate results for different beamforming approaches. Let's go right to the content of the article. In analog beamforming, certain codebooks are employed on the TX and RX sides to select the best beam pairs. Because of their beamforming gains, communication created through the strongest beams from both the TX and RX side enhances spectrum efficiency. Additionally, beamforming gain directly impacts SNR improvement. Wireless communication system capacity = bandwidth*log2(1+SNR)...

Coherence Bandwidth and Coherence Time

🧮 Coherence Bandwidth 🧮 Coherence Time 🧮 Coherence Time Calculator 🧮 Relationship between Coherence Time and Delay Spread 🧮 MATLAB Code to find Relationship between Coherence Time and delay Spread 📚 Further Reading Coherence Bandwidth Coherence bandwidth is a concept in wireless communication and signal processing that relates to the frequency range over which a wireless channel remains approximately constant in terms of its characteristics. coherence bandwidth is The inverse of Doppler spread delay time, or any spread delay time due to fading in general. The coherence bandwidth is related to the delay spread of the channel, which is a measure of the time it takes for signals to traverse the channel. The two are related by the following formulae: Coherence bandwidth = 1/(delay spread time) Or, Coherence Bandwidth = 1/(root-mean-square delay spread time) (Coherence bandwidth in Hertz) For instance, the coherence bandwidth is...

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