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BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...(MATLAB Code + Simulator)

📘 Overview of BER and SNR 🧮 Online Simulator for BER calculation 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation 📚 Further Reading 📂 View Other Topics on M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK ... 🧮 Online Simulator for Constellation Diagram of m-ary QAM 🧮 Online Simulator for Constellation Diagram of m-ary PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation of Alamouti Scheme 🧮 Different approaches to calculate BER vs SNR What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The abbreviation BER stands for Bit Error Rate, which indicates how many corrupted bits are received compared to the total number of bits sent. BER = (number of bits received in error) / (total number of transmitted bits) What is Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)? SNR is the ratio of signal power to noise powe...
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ASK, FSK, and PSK (with MATLAB + Online Simulator)

📘 Overview 📘 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) 📘 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 📘 Phase Shift Keying (PSK) 📘 Which of the modulation techniques—ASK, FSK, or PSK—can achieve higher bit rates? 🧮 MATLAB Codes 📘 Simulator for binary ASK, FSK, and PSK Modulation 📚 Further Reading ASK or OFF ON Keying ASK is a simple (less complex) Digital Modulation Scheme where we vary the modulation signal's amplitude or voltage by the message signal's amplitude or voltage. We select two levels (two different voltage levels) for transmitting modulated message signals. For example, "+5 Volt" (upper level) and "0 Volt" (lower level). To transmit binary bit "1", the transmitter sends "+5 Volts", and for bit "0", it sends no power. The receiver uses filters to detect whether a binary "1" or "0" was transmitted. ...
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Calculation of SNR from FFT bins in MATLAB

📘 Overview 🧮 MATLAB Code for Estimation of SNR from FFT bins 🧮 MATLAB Code for SNR from PSD using Kaiser Window 📚 Further Reading Here, you can find the SNR of a received signal from periodogram / FFT bins using the Kaiser operator. The beta (β) parameter characterizes the Kaiser window, which controls the trade-off between the main lobe width and the side lobe level. Steps Set up the sampling rate and time vector Compute the FFT and periodogram Calculate the frequency resolution and signal power Exclude the signal power from noise calculation Compute the noise power and SNR MATLAB Code for Estimation of SNR from FFT bins clc; clear; close all; % Parameters fs = 8000; f_tone = 1000; N = 8192; t = (0:N-1)/fs; % Generate signal + noise signal = sin(2*pi*f_tone*t); SNR_true_dB = 20; signal_power = mean(signal.^2); noise_power = signal_power / (10^(SNR_true_dB/10)); noisy_signal = signal + sqrt(noise_power) * randn(1, N); % Apply ...
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Online Simulator for ASK, FSK, and PSK

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MATLAB Code for ASK, FSK, and PSK (with Online Simulator)

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Comparing Baseband and Passband Implementations of ASK, FSK, and PSK

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Comparing Baseband and Passband Implementations of m-ary QAM

  Let's assume your original digital message bitstream is: 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1 In 4-QAM, we group them into pairs: (00), (10), (00), (10), (11). Your baseband symbols are: Symbol 1 (Bits 00): -1.00 - j1.00 Symbol 2 (Bits 10): 1.00 - j1.00 Symbol 3 (Bits 00): -1.00 - j1.00 Symbol 4 (Bits 10): 1.00 - j1.00 Symbol 5 (Bits 11): 1.00 + j1.00   To transmit these symbols over a wireless medium, we modulate this baseband signal onto a high-frequency carrier (e.g., 50 Hz). This process creates the passband signal , where the information is stored in the phase and amplitude of the sine wave. Fig 1: 4-QAM Baseband I and Q Components Fig 2: 4-QAM Passband Modulated Signal   In this example, the symbol rate is 5 symbols per second. Detailed Explanation 4-QAM Constellation Mapping In standard 4-QAM mapping, bits are converted to complex points on a grid: Bits...
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Constellation Diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK with MATLAB Code + Simulator

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