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Main Topics

Millimeter wave 5G (Introduction) Recent Trends in Millimeter wave 5G Communication Millimeter Wave Channel Pathloss Model Massive MIMO Channel Model for Millimeter wave Beamforming Techniques for Millimeter wave 5G Adaptive Channel Estimation for Millimeter wave 5G UWB and Millimeter wave Indoor Communication Ray Tracing Method Antenna Array Response Channel estimation using Beam Steering Digital Beamforming for Multi-User scenario Channel Estimation using Hybrid Beamforming DMRS Based Channel Estimation in 5G NR Zak Transform (Time-Frequency Transform) Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS)


Index (A–Z)

A

5g Availability by Cities Worldwide 5G in India: Spectrum Acquisitions of Airtel, Jio, Vodafone Idea 
 

B

Best 5G Blogs 
 

C

Channel modelling for millimeter wave Challenges and Potential Solutions for 5G Networks 
 

D

Difference between 4G and 5G technology | In the context of Frequency, Bandwidth ... Discussion of some confusing questions about mm-wave 5G 
 

F

Frequently Asked Questions about 5G Future scope of patch antennas that are used for 5g Applications 
 

I

Is 5G Harmful to People? 
 

M

What is Millimeter Wave (mm wave)? 
 

N

Network Slicing for 5G Networks 
 

P

Present and Future Wireless Communication Systems 
 
5G Phased Array in MATLAB  
 

R

Raytracing in Modern Wireless Communication 
 
(RAN) AI-RAN, RIS, ISAC and Spectrum Coexistence 
 

S

Standalone (SA) and non-Standalone (non-SA) Networks in 5G 
(Spectrum Sharing) AI-Driven Spectrum Sharing (with MATLAB) 
 

T

Theoretical Aspects of 5G Technology | Everything You Need to Know About 5G | 5G FAQ Time-delayed saleh valenzuala cluster model for UWB & mm-Wave 
 

U

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) 
 

W

What is 5G Technology? Frequency Bands, Speed, and Others
What is 5G RAN? 
 
What is 5G? How will it transform our world?
 
What frequency is 5G? All the different 5G ranges, explained
 
Will rural areas get 5G?
 
Will 5G work in remote areas?
 

Categories

Beamforming & Channel Estimation Click here

MIMO / Massive MIMO Click here

Future Communication Systems Click here

Internet of Things (IoTs) Click here

Extremely high frequency (Click here)

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BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...(MATLAB Code + Simulator)

📘 Overview of BER and SNR 🧮 Online Simulator for BER calculation of m-ary QAM and m-ary PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation of M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ... 📚 Further Reading 📂 View Other Topics on M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK ... 🧮 Online Simulator for Constellation Diagram of m-ary QAM 🧮 Online Simulator for Constellation Diagram of m-ary PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 MATLAB Code for BER calculation of Alamouti Scheme 🧮 Different approaches to calculate BER vs SNR What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The abbreviation BER stands for Bit Error Rate, which indicates how many corrupted bits are received (after the demodulation process) compared to the total number of bits sent in a communication process. BER = (number of bits received in error) / (total number of tran...
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BER performance of QPSK with BPSK, 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, etc (MATLAB + Simulator)

📘 Overview 📚 QPSK vs BPSK and QAM: A Comparison of Modulation Schemes in Wireless Communication 📚 Real-World Example 🧮 MATLAB Code 📚 Further Reading   QPSK provides twice the data rate compared to BPSK. However, the bit error rate (BER) is approximately the same as BPSK at low SNR values when gray coding is used. On the other hand, QPSK exhibits similar spectral efficiency to 4-QAM and 16-QAM under low SNR conditions. In very noisy channels, QPSK can sometimes achieve better spectral efficiency than 4-QAM or 16-QAM. In practical wireless communication scenarios, QPSK is commonly used along with QAM techniques, especially where adaptive modulation is applied. Modulation Bits/Symbol Points in Constellation Usage Notes BPSK 1 2 Very robust, used in weak signals QPSK 2 4 Balanced speed & reliability 4-QAM ...
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MATLAB code for BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ...(with Online Simulator)

🧮 MATLAB Code for BPSK, M-ary PSK, and M-ary QAM Together 🧮 MATLAB Code for M-ary QAM 🧮 MATLAB Code for M-ary PSK 📚 Further Reading MATLAB Script for BER vs. SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSK, BPSK % Written by Salim Wireless clc; clear; close all; num_symbols = 1e5; snr_db = -20:2:20; psk_orders = [2, 4, 8, 16, 32]; qam_orders = [4, 16, 64, 256]; ber_psk_results = zeros(length(psk_orders), length(snr_db)); ber_qam_results = zeros(length(qam_orders), length(snr_db)); for i = 1:length(psk_orders) psk_order = psk_orders(i); for j = 1:length(snr_db) data_symbols = randi([0, psk_order-1], 1, num_symbols); modulated_signal = pskmod(data_symbols, psk_order, pi/psk_order); received_signal = awgn(modulated_signal, snr_db(j), 'measured'); demodulated_symbols = pskdemod(received_signal, psk_order, pi/psk_order); ber_psk_results(i, j) = sum(data_symbols ~= demodulated_symbols) / num_symbols; end end for i...
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Online Simulator for ASK, FSK, and PSK

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Doppler Delay

  Doppler Shift Formula When either the transmitter or the receiver is in motion, or when both are in motion, Doppler Shift is an essential parameter in wireless Communication. We notice variations in reception frequencies in vehicles, trains, or other similar environments. In plain language, the received signal frequency increases as the receiver moves toward the transmitter and drops as the receiver moves in the opposite direction of the transmitter. This phenomenon is called the Doppler shift or Doppler spread. Doppler Shift Formula: By equation,                fR = fT (+/-) fD                                      fR= receiving  frequency                                      fT= transmitted frequency              ...
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Theoretical BER vs SNR for binary ASK, FSK, and PSK with MATLAB Code + Simulator

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How Windowing Affects Your Periodogram

The windowed periodogram is a widely used technique for estimating the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of a signal. It enhances the classical periodogram by mitigating spectral leakage through the application of a windowing function. This technique is essential in signal processing for accurate frequency-domain analysis.   Power Spectral Density (PSD) The PSD characterizes how the power of a signal is distributed across different frequency components. For a discrete-time signal, the PSD is defined as the Fourier Transform of the signal’s autocorrelation function: S x (f) = FT{R x (Ï„)} Here, R x (Ï„)}is the autocorrelation function. FT : Fourier Transform   Classical Periodogram The periodogram is a non-parametric PSD estimation method based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT): P x (f) = \(\frac{1}{N}\) X(f) 2 Here: X(f): DFT of the signal x(n) N: Signal length However, the classical periodogram suffers from spectral leakage due to abrupt truncation of the ...
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Theoretical vs. simulated BER vs. SNR for ASK, FSK, and PSK (MATLAB Code + Simulator)

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