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4G, 5G, and 6G Main Page


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Index (A–Z)

A

5g Availability by Cities Worldwide 5G in India: Spectrum Acquisitions of Airtel, Jio, Vodafone Idea 
 

B

Best 5G Blogs 
 

C

Channel modelling for millimeter wave Challenges and Potential Solutions for 5G Networks 
 

D

Difference between 4G and 5G technology | In the context of Frequency, Bandwidth ... Discussion of some confusing questions about mm-wave 5G 
 

F

Frequently Asked Questions about 5G Future scope of patch antennas that are used for 5g Applications 
 

I

Is 5G Harmful to People? 
 

M

What is Millimeter Wave (mm wave)? 
 

N

Network Slicing for 5G Networks 
 

P

Present and Future Wireless Communication Systems 
 
5G Phased Array in MATLAB  
 

R

Raytracing in Modern Wireless Communication 
 
(RAN) AI-RAN, RIS, ISAC and Spectrum Coexistence 
 

S

Standalone (SA) and non-Standalone (non-SA) Networks in 5G 
(Spectrum Sharing) AI-Driven Spectrum Sharing (with MATLAB) 
 

T

Theoretical Aspects of 5G Technology | Everything You Need to Know About 5G | 5G FAQ Time-delayed saleh valenzuala cluster model for UWB & mm-Wave 
 

U

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) 
 

W

What is 5G Technology? Frequency Bands, Speed, and Others
What is 5G RAN? 
 
What is 5G? How will it transform our world?
 
What frequency is 5G? All the different 5G ranges, explained
 
Will rural areas get 5G?
 
Will 5G work in remote areas?
 

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MIMO / Massive MIMO Click here

Future Communication Systems Click here

Internet of Things (IoTs) Click here

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BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...(MATLAB Code + Simulator)

Bit Error Rate (BER) & SNR Guide Analyze communication system performance with our interactive simulators and MATLAB tools. 📘 Theory 🧮 Simulators 💻 MATLAB Code 📚 Resources BER Definition SNR Formula BER Calculator MATLAB Comparison 📂 Explore M-ary QAM, PSK, and QPSK Topics ▼ 🧮 Constellation Simulator: M-ary QAM 🧮 Constellation Simulator: M-ary PSK 🧮 BER calculation for ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 Approaches to BER vs SNR What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The BER indicates how many corrupted bits are received compared to the total number of bits sent. It is the primary figure of merit for a...

Constellation Diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK (with MATLAB Code + Simulator)

Constellation Diagrams: ASK, FSK, and PSK Comprehensive guide to signal space representation, including interactive simulators and MATLAB implementations. 📘 Overview 🧮 Simulator ⚖️ Theory 📚 Resources Definitions Constellation Tool Key Points MATLAB Code 📂 Other Topics: M-ary PSK & QAM Diagrams ▼ 🧮 Simulator for M-ary PSK Constellation 🧮 Simulator for M-ary QAM Constellation BASK (Binary ASK) Modulation Transmits one of two signals: 0 or -√Eb, where Eb​ is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1. BFSK (Binary FSK) Modulation Transmits one ...

Simulation of ASK, FSK, and PSK using MATLAB Simulink (with Online Simulator)

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Online Simulator for ASK, FSK, and PSK

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Coherence Bandwidth and Coherence Time (with MATLAB + Simulator)

🧮 Coherence Bandwidth 🧮 Coherence Time 🧮 MATLAB Code s 📚 Further Reading For Doppler Delay or Multi-path Delay Coherence time T coh ∝ 1 / v max (For slow fading, coherence time T coh is greater than the signaling interval.) Coherence bandwidth W coh ∝ 1 / Ï„ max (For frequency-flat fading, coherence bandwidth W coh is greater than the signaling bandwidth.) Where: T coh = coherence time W coh = coherence bandwidth v max = maximum Doppler frequency (or maximum Doppler shift) Ï„ max = maximum excess delay (maximum time delay spread) Notes: The notation v max −1 and Ï„ max −1 indicate inverse proportionality. Doppler spread refers to the range of frequency shifts caused by relative motion, determining T coh . Delay spread (or multipath delay spread) determines W coh . Frequency-flat fading occurs when W coh is greater than the signaling bandwidth. Coherence Bandwidth Coherence bandwidth is...

ASK, FSK, and PSK (with MATLAB + Online Simulator)

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DFTs-OFDM vs OFDM: Why DFT-Spread OFDM Reduces PAPR Effectively (with MATLAB Code)

DFT-spread OFDM (DFTs-OFDM) has lower Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) because it "spreads" the data in the frequency domain before applying IFFT, making the time-domain signal behave more like a single-carrier signal rather than a multi-carrier one like OFDM. Deeper Explanation: Aspect OFDM DFTs-OFDM Signal Type Multi-carrier Single-carrier-like Process IFFT of QAM directly QAM → DFT → IFFT PAPR Level High (due to many carriers adding up constructively) Low (less fluctuation in amplitude) Why PAPR is High Subcarriers can add in phase, causing spikes DFT "pre-spreads" data, smoothing it Used in Wi-Fi, LTE downlink LTE uplink (as SC-FDMA) In OFDM, all subcarriers can...