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4G, 5G, and 6G Main Page


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Index (A–Z)

A

5g Availability by Cities Worldwide 5G in India: Spectrum Acquisitions of Airtel, Jio, Vodafone Idea 
 

B

Best 5G Blogs 
 

C

Channel modelling for millimeter wave Challenges and Potential Solutions for 5G Networks 
 

D

Difference between 4G and 5G technology | In the context of Frequency, Bandwidth ... Discussion of some confusing questions about mm-wave 5G 
 

F

Frequently Asked Questions about 5G Future scope of patch antennas that are used for 5g Applications 
 

I

Is 5G Harmful to People? 
 

M

What is Millimeter Wave (mm wave)? 
 

N

Network Slicing for 5G Networks 
 

P

Present and Future Wireless Communication Systems 
 
5G Phased Array in MATLAB  
 

R

Raytracing in Modern Wireless Communication 
 
(RAN) AI-RAN, RIS, ISAC and Spectrum Coexistence 
 

S

Standalone (SA) and non-Standalone (non-SA) Networks in 5G 
(Spectrum Sharing) AI-Driven Spectrum Sharing (with MATLAB) 
 

T

Theoretical Aspects of 5G Technology | Everything You Need to Know About 5G | 5G FAQ Time-delayed saleh valenzuala cluster model for UWB & mm-Wave 
 

U

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) 
 

W

What is 5G Technology? Frequency Bands, Speed, and Others
What is 5G RAN? 
 
What is 5G? How will it transform our world?
 
What frequency is 5G? All the different 5G ranges, explained
 
Will rural areas get 5G?
 
Will 5G work in remote areas?
 

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MIMO / Massive MIMO Click here

Future Communication Systems Click here

Internet of Things (IoTs) Click here

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BER vs SNR for M-ary QAM, M-ary PSK, QPSK, BPSK, ...(MATLAB Code + Simulator)

Bit Error Rate (BER) & SNR Guide Analyze communication system performance with our interactive simulators and MATLAB tools. 📘 Theory 🧮 Simulators 💻 MATLAB Code 📚 Resources BER Definition SNR Formula BER Calculator MATLAB Comparison 📂 Explore M-ary QAM, PSK, and QPSK Topics ▼ 🧮 Constellation Simulator: M-ary QAM 🧮 Constellation Simulator: M-ary PSK 🧮 BER calculation for ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 Approaches to BER vs SNR What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The BER indicates how many corrupted bits are received compared to the total number of bits sent. It is the primary figure of merit for a...

Power Spectral Density Calculation Using FFT in MATLAB

📘 Overview 🧮 Steps to calculate the PSD of a signal 🧮 MATLAB Codes 📚 Further Reading Power spectral density (PSD) tells us how the power of a signal is distributed across different frequency components, whereas Fourier Magnitude gives you the amplitude (or strength) of each frequency component in the signal. Steps to calculate the PSD of a signal Firstly, calculate the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of a signal. Then, calculate the Fourier magnitude (absolute value) of the signal. Square the Fourier magnitude to get the power spectrum. To calculate the Power Spectral Density (PSD), divide the squared magnitude by the product of the sampling frequency (fs) and the total number of samples (N). Formula: PSD = |FFT|^2 / (fs * N) Sampling frequency (fs): The rate at which the continuous-time signal is sampled (in ...

Constellation Diagrams of ASK, PSK, and FSK (with MATLAB Code + Simulator)

Constellation Diagrams: ASK, FSK, and PSK Comprehensive guide to signal space representation, including interactive simulators and MATLAB implementations. 📘 Overview 🧮 Simulator ⚖️ Theory 📚 Resources Definitions Constellation Tool Key Points MATLAB Code 📂 Other Topics: M-ary PSK & QAM Diagrams ▼ 🧮 Simulator for M-ary PSK Constellation 🧮 Simulator for M-ary QAM Constellation BASK (Binary ASK) Modulation Transmits one of two signals: 0 or -√Eb, where Eb​ is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1. BFSK (Binary FSK) Modulation Transmits one ...

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2022 PYQ 📥 Download UGC NET Electronics PDFs Complete collection of previous year question papers, answer keys and explanations for Subject Code 88. Start Downloading UGC-NET (Electronics Science, Subject code: 88) Subject_Code : 88; Department : Electronic Science; 📂 View All Question Papers UGC Net Electronic Science Question Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2025] with full explanation UGC Net Electronic Science Question Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2024] UGC Net Paper 1 With Answer Key Download Pdf [Sep 2024] with full explanation UGC Net Electronic Science Question Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [Aug 2024] with full explanation UGC Net Paper 1 With Answer Key Download...

MATLAB code for BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ...(with Online Simulator)

🧮 MATLAB Code for BPSK, M-ary PSK, and M-ary QAM Together 🧮 MATLAB Code for M-ary QAM 🧮 MATLAB Code for M-ary PSK 📚 Further Reading MATLAB Script for BER vs. SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSK, BPSK % Written by Salim Wireless clc; clear; close all; snr_db = -5:2:25; psk_orders = [2, 4, 8, 16, 32]; qam_orders = [4, 16, 64, 256]; ber_psk_results = zeros(length(psk_orders), length(snr_db)); ber_qam_results = zeros(length(qam_orders), length(snr_db)); for i = 1:length(psk_orders) ber_psk_results(i, :) = berawgn(snr_db, 'psk', psk_orders(i), 'nondiff'); end for i = 1:length(qam_orders) ber_qam_results(i, :) = berawgn(snr_db, 'qam', qam_orders(i)); end figure; semilogy(snr_db, ber_psk_results(1, :), 'o-', 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'DisplayName', 'BPSK'); hold on; for i = 2:length(psk_orders) semilogy(snr_db, ber_psk_results(i, :), 'o-', 'DisplayName', sprintf('%d-PSK', psk_orde...

ASK, FSK, and PSK (with MATLAB + Online Simulator)

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Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK (with MATLAB + Simulator)

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Theoretical vs. simulated BER vs. SNR for ASK, FSK, and PSK (MATLAB Code + Simulator)

📘 Overview 🧮 Simulator for calculating BER 🧮 MATLAB Codes for calculating theoretical BER 🧮 MATLAB Codes for calculating simulated BER 📚 Further Reading BER vs. SNR denotes how many bits in error are received for a given signal-to-noise ratio, typically measured in dB. Common noise types in wireless systems: 1. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) 2. Rayleigh Fading AWGN adds random noise; Rayleigh fading attenuates the signal variably. A good SNR helps reduce these effects. Simulator for calculating BER vs SNR for binary ASK, FSK, and PSK Calculate BER for Binary ASK Modulation Enter SNR (dB): Calculate BER Calculate BER for Binary FSK Modulation Enter SNR (dB): Calculate BER Calculate BER for Binary PSK Modulation Enter SNR (dB): Calculate BER BER vs. SNR Curves MATLAB Code for Theoretical BER % The code is written by SalimWireless.Com clc; clear; close all; % SNR va...