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5G: Spectral Bands, Speed, and Other Factors


  • 5G
  • Current 5G |Spectral bands, speed...
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Lower carrier frequencies (< 6 GHz) are unable reliable signal propagation for 5G. However, only limited spectral bands are available in the sub-6 GHz spectrum. Only those frequencies are inadequate to meet the relentless increase in data rates in 5G wireless networks. So, what is the solution here? Exploration of the unused, high-frequency mm-wave band could be a good choice, ranging from 6 to 300 GHz. 
Mm-wave standards are already defined for indoor wireless personal area networks (WPAN) - IEEE 802.15.3c and wireless local area networks (WLAN) - IEEE 802.11.ad.


Which countries have 5G now, and what frequency bands are they using?

5G is now available in many countries. China and the United States are at the top of the list. Brand new 5G technology benefits approximately 356 cities in China and approximately 296 cities in the United States. Other countries that have already implemented 5G include the Philippines, South Korea, Canada, Spain, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and others.

In general, 5G currently employs three types of frequency bands. The first is frequency of less than 6 GHz or Sub-6 GHz band. Other frequency bands are in the millimeter wave range. It will also use low 5G bands, such as 600 MHz00 MHz, to improve coverage, particularly in rural areas.

For 5G communication, China, for example, uses frequencies ranging from 600 MHz to 4700 MHz. The frequencies in the United States range from 600 MHz to 4200 MHz. These bands are intended for end-user use. You may have heard that telecom companies also purchase high remedy frequency (i.e., millimeter wave) spectrum for 5G deployment. However, those extremely high frequencies are appropriate for 5G backhaul connections.

The current 5G frequency bands can be classified into three categories.

The Low Band (Usually ranges from 600 to 900 MHz, and they are suitable for rural deployment of 5G where signals need to traverse long distances from cell towers)
The Middle Band (Frequency ranges from 1 to 7 GHz)
The High Band (These are millimeter wave bands. They range from 24 to 48 GHz)


Current Speed of 5G:

The average 5G speed is 100 Mbps, which means that 5G users will receive 100 megabits per second. Depending on the coverage, number of users available per channel (5G communication channel), and other factors, the pick data throughput rate can range from 1 Gbps to 10 Gbps.

Recently, it was claimed that a 5G network could achieve 5 Gbps throughput using a 28 GHz band and 800 MHz bandwidth with carrier aggregation.


Millimeter wave applications in 5G:

We know that companies own millimeter wave spectrums in 5G auctions. In fact, we want to use such extremely high-frequency bands for ultra-high data rates and ultra-low latency in 5G deployment. These are critical for any network to lead automation in various sectors such as industry (machine-to-machine communication, for example), telemedicine, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and so on.

However, those mm-wave bands are appropriate for backhaul connections in which two high 5G towers communicate via LOan S (line of sight) path and deliver very high data rates from large cell towers to nearby small cell towers or access points (APs). End users can connect to the internet via a nearby cell tower.


Also, Read About
[1] 5G Theoretical Aspects | Frequency and Spectrum, Speed, Massive MIMO & OFDM
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