Skip to main content

Frequently Asked Questions about 5G | 1G to 5G, Side Effects, Modulation ...


5G Technology Questions and Answers

Following questions were raised by anonymous website visitors or readers to the online publishers. We'll check up a few queries among them below.

General 5G Questions

Reason behind change in network upgradation from 1G to 5G?

In a nutshell, the answer to this issue is that bandwidth demands are increasing. The bandwidth allotted to a specific service, for example, is fixed. Now, if the number of devices linked to the internet is growing by the day, what would you do to meet the increasing bandwidth demand?

As a result, every few decades, a whole new G (or generation in cellular wireless communication) appears to meet the required requirements. Read More ...

Does my PDA support 5G?

It is entirely dependent on the mobile or cell phone's operational frequency band. More specifically, the frequency band that your mobile antenna receives or broadcasts is determined by your antenna.

Can a CSE study 5G courses?

Prerequisites to pursuing a 5G course:

You must have some good understanding in previous G's especially in Telecommunication to pursue a 5G course. Here concept of cell, operating frequency, infrastructure all are different as compare to 3G or 4G network.

You must have basic knowledge about wireless channel model, modulation schemes used in 3G and 4G, antennas used in those technologies, etc. Knowledge on 5G MIMO Technology, SVD, UWB or millimeter wave is a big plus.

Any side effects of 5G cables overhead my house?

No

Any side effects of 5G cell tower around my house?

In reality, cell towers emit radiation at a level that is safe for humans. Only when you receive a call or your signal level drops, the cell tower provides more power to your phone. However, that power is also below the standard of safety.

5G Signal Processing & Technical Concepts

1) What waveform is used in 5G NR and why?

5G NR primarily uses CP-OFDM for both uplink and downlink.

  • Handles multipath fading efficiently
  • Supports high data rates
  • Flexible numerology

In uplink, DFT-s-OFDM is used to reduce PAPR.

2) What is Numerology in 5G?

Subcarrier spacing formula:

Δf = 15 × 2^μ kHz

μ = 0,1,2,3,4

3) Massive MIMO

Massive MIMO uses large antenna arrays (e.g., 64, 128 antennas).

  • Beamforming gain
  • Spatial multiplexing
  • Increased capacity

4) Beamforming

Beamforming focuses signal energy in a specific direction using antenna arrays.

y = w^H x

5) Channel Estimation in 5G

  • DMRS
  • SRS
  • CSI-RS
H(k) = Y(k) / X(k)

6) PAPR

PAPR = max|x(t)|² / E[|x(t)|²]

7) LDPC and Polar Codes

  • LDPC – Data channels
  • Polar Codes – Control channels

8) LTE vs 5G Comparison

Feature LTE 5G
Numerology Fixed 15 kHz Scalable
Coding Turbo LDPC + Polar
MIMO Up to 8x8 Massive MIMO

9) What is mmWave?

Millimeter wave band provides huge bandwidth and ultra-low latency. Wavelength spans between 10 millimeter to 1 millimeter.

10) Role of FFT in 5G

  • Demodulation
  • Equalization
  • Channel estimation

Internet of Things (IoT)

How is career in IoT?

IoT professionals have a bright future. It can be used in home appliances, industries, hospitals, fleet management, traffic control, smart cities and more. Read more...

Which workshop is better for CSE students either IoT or robotics?

IOT based solar panel enabled extension box

The compact sensors with IOT is going to make huge impact in patients life

📊 MATLAB & ONLINE SIMULATIONS (Web-Based)
🎓 GATE & UGC - NET SOLUTIONS
📡 WIRELESS & SIGNAL PROCESSING


Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

Electromyography (EMG) Explained

  Electromyography (EMG) EMG stands for Electromyography . It is a medical test used to check how well your muscles and the nerves that control them are working. What it does EMG measures the electrical activity in your muscles. When nerves send signals to muscles, they create tiny electrical impulses—EMG records these. Why doctors use it Doctors may recommend EMG if you have symptoms like: Muscle weakness Numbness or tingling Muscle pain or cramping Suspected nerve disorders It helps diagnose conditions such as: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Peripheral Neuropathy How it’s done Nerve conduction study (NCS) – small electrical pulses are applied to test nerve signals Needle EMG – a thin needle electrode is inserted into muscles to record activity Does it hurt? You might feel mild discomfort (like a quick pinch or muscle soreness) ...
Read more

MATLAB Code for MUSIC

  MATLAB Code clc; clear; close all ; %% Step 1: Define Parameters M = 8; % Number of array sensors d = 0.5; % Sensor spacing (lambda/2) K = 2; % Number of signals N = 200; % Number of snapshots theta = [-20 30]; % True signal angles (degrees) SNR = 10; % Signal-to-noise ratio (dB) fprintf( 'Step 1: Parameters Initialized\n' ); %% Step 2: Generate Signal Sources t = 1:N; s1 = exp(1j*2*pi*0.05*t); s2 = exp(1j*2*pi*0.1*t); S = [s1; s2]; figure; plot(real(S(1,:))) title( 'Signal 1 (Real Part)' ) xlabel( 'Samples' ) ylabel( 'Amplitude' ) figure; plot(real(S(2,:))) title( 'Signal 2 (Real Part)' ) xlabel( 'Samples' ) ylabel( 'Amplitude' ) fprintf( 'Step 2: Source Signals Generated\n' ); %% Step 3: Construct Steering Matrix A = zeros(M,K); for k = 1:K A(:,k) = exp(-1j*2*pi*d*(0:M-1)'*sin(theta(k)*pi/180)); end fprintf( 'Step 3: Steering Matr...
Read more

Direction of Arrival (DoA) Online Simulator (using MUSIC)

Interactive DOA Simulator X-axis XY angle (deg): 45 XZ angle (deg): 30 Noise: 0.05 Y-axis XY angle (deg): 60 YZ angle (deg): 45 Noise: 0.05 Z-axis XZ angle (deg): 60 YZ angle (deg): 30 Noise: 0.05 Estimated DOA (deg): 0 Simulation Workflow and Mathematical Background This simulator demonstrates Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation using three-axis sensor signals (X, Y, Z), Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) , and the MUSIC algorithm . It allows interactive control of signal angles and noise for teaching purposes. 1. Signal Generation A pure sinewave signal of frequency f is projected onto three axes using user-defined angles in different planes: X-axis: θ XY , θ XZ Y-axis: θ XY , θ YZ Z-axis: θ XZ , θ YZ Mathematically, for each time sample t : x(t) = s(t) * cos(θ_xy_x) * cos(θ_xz_x) + n_x(t) y(t) = s(t) * sin(θ_xy_y) * cos(θ_yz_y) + n_y(t) z(t) = s(t) * sin(θ_xz_z) * sin(θ_yz_z) + n_z(t) wh...
Read more

MIMO Channel Matrix | Rank and Condition Number

MIMO / Massive MIMO MIMO Channel Matrix | Rank and Condition...   The channel matrix in wireless communication is a matrix that describes the impact of the channel on the transmitted signal. The channel matrix can be used to model the effects of the atmospheric or underwater environment on the signal, such as the absorption, reflection or scattering of the signal by surrounding objects. When addressing multi-antenna communication, the term "channel matrix" is used. Let's assume that only one TX and one RX are in communication and there's no surrounding object. Here, in our case, we can apply the proper threshold condition to a received signal and get the original transmitted signal at the RX side. However, in real-world situations, we see signal path blockage, reflections, etc.,  (NLOS paths [↗]) more frequently. The obstruction is typically caused by building walls, etc. Multi-antenna communication was introduced to address this issue. It makes diversity app...
Read more

Amplitude Demodulation Simulation

Instructions for Amplitude Modulation (AM) Step 1: Click on 'Generate Message' button to generate input message signal Step 2: Then click on 'Generate Carrier' button to generate carrier signal. The carrier frequency has to be more than the message frequency and You can change frequencies using sliders Step 3: Click on 'Generate Amplitude Modulated Signal' button to generate Amplitude Modulated Signal Step 4: Click the 'Show Frequency Spectrums' button to view the AM spectra. Here, the modulation index is defined as the ratio of the message signal amplitude to the carrier signal amplitude. You can adjust both values. 50 Hz Step 1: Generate Message 500 Hz Step 2: ...
Read more

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2026 PYQ ⬇️ Download Papers and Solutions 📋 Exam Pattern 💡 Preparation Tips ❓ FAQs 📊 Exam Highlights: Electronic Science (88) Feature Details Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) ₹37,000 + HRA per month Eligibility M.Sc/M.Tech in Electronics (55%) Validity of Certificate JRF (3 Years) | Lectureship (Lifetime) 📥 Download UGC NET Electronics PDFs Complete collection of previous year question papers, answer keys and explanations for Subject Code 88. Start Downloading 📂 View All Question Papers June 2025 - Question Paper Download PDF June 2025 - Solved Paper + Explanation ...
Read more

Constellation Diagrams of M-ary QAM | M-ary Modulation

📘 Overview of QAM 🧮 MATLAB Code for m-ary QAM (4-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, ...) 🧮 Online Simulator for M-ary QAM Constellations 📚 Further Reading 📂 Other Topics on Constellation Diagrams of QAM configurations ... 🧮 MATLAB Code for 4-QAM 🧮 MATLAB Code for 16-QAM 🧮 MATLAB Code for m-ary QAM (4-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, ...) 🧮 Simulator for constellation diagrams of m-ary PSK 🧮 Simulator for constellation diagrams of m-ary QAM 🧮 Overview of Energy per Bit (Eb / N0) 🧮 Online Simulator for constellation diagrams of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 Theory behind Constellation Diagrams of ASK, FSK, and PSK 🧮 MATLAB Codes for Constellation Diagrams of ASK, FSK, and PSK QAM Unlike M-ary PSK, where the signal is modulated with diffe...
Read more