Skip to main content

Present and Future Wireless Communication Systems


1. Overview of 5G:

Looking back in time, we can see that we have adopted a new evolution or G in each decade. We were first introduced to 4G technology in 2010. However, we now need to make some changes to our current network. We're looking for two things in particular: 1. A network that is extremely dense, and 2. Broadband connectivity through cellular networks. Around 2020, 5G technology was commercialized. By 2025, it is anticipated that extensive adaption will be achievable. [Read More about 5G]


2. Limitations of 4G LTE:

Previously, with 4G LTE, a single base station (BS) could connect hundreds of devices at once. In the current situation, we need to expand the capacity of our system. Because the amount of bandwidth needed by various devices is continually rising. Every decade, it grows by a factor of 1000. As a result, every ten years, an entirely new evolution of G is required. [Read More]


3. The reason of the increasing data demand:

The number of wireless devices is increasing every day, yet the internet-based services, such as self-driving cars, streaming ultra-high-definition video, andIoTsensors, need both high data rates and extremely low latency to function in real time. Between 2011 and 2022, mobile data traffic will increase at a compound annual growth rate of 46%. It would have reached 2.58 exabytes (EB) daily by 2022. Statistics show that by 2022, the amount of internet protocol (IP) traffic worldwide is expected to exceed 4.8 zettabytes (ZBs) annually.


4. High data rates and more connections are offered to users with 5G:

Thousands of devices per square kilometer are projected to be supported by 5G. We urgently require it since the number of internet-connected devices, IoTs, and PDAs is continuously expanding, necessitating a large amount of bandwidth to operate them. Because 5G employs extremely high frequency or millimeter wave, it is capable of doing so. Previously, we've seen bandwidth allotment of roughly 2GHz per channel in WI PAN applications employing the 60 GHz millimeter wave spectrum. In the case of a cellular 5G network, we will now ‎utilize‎ this millimeter wave spectrum. That is very incredible. We'll use massive MIMO to make better use of the spectrum resource because millimeter wave has a lot of promise for greater bandwidth. Massive MIMO is an excellent way to boost system capacity even more. Using those incredible core technologies, we've almost reached the Shannon limit in 5G communication.

Our economy will be greatly impacted by 5G. Automation may be seen in a variety of sectors and industries. Machine-to-machine communication, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality will all be common in the future. We will be able to control machines from afar and in real time. For many years, internet-connected high-speed vehicles, such as bullet trains, have been a major source of concern. Everything is feasible thanks to the ultra-low latency of the 5G millimeter wave spectrum. Communication latency will be decreased to 1 ms in 5G, compared to 40 ms in 4G.

Although 5G has a lot of potential, it also has several drawbacks, such as a complex channel model (sparse channel matrix), high propagation path loss, and so on. We've talked about a lot of problems and potential remedies.


5. Upcoming Wireless Mobile Generations, Millimeter Wave Band, and Massive MIMO: 
 
We are consistently upgrading our cellular wireless network's generation(G in telecom) and the IEEE body is releasing new WLAN technology, all to satisfy the demand for high data traffic from various internet-connected devices. As a result, we're moving to 5G, The essential technology for 5G connectivity is the millimeter wave (mmWave) band. The frequency range for mm-Wave is 30 to 300 GHz. To address the rising demand for data traffic on a worldwide scale, other spectrum bands need to be investigated. The millimeter wave band with massive MIMO antenna allows for a directed and narrow beam, which boosts the received signal power to an adequate level. Wi-Max, and other technologies to give greater connectivity to the fast-growing number of internet-connected devices. The fundamental goal of upgrading communication systems or the evolution of G is to offer enough bandwidth for all devices to connect with BSs seamlessly (due to the large amount of bandwidth available in the mm-wave band,Ultra-Wide Band (UWB),or microwave link communication) as well as to improve bandwidth efficiency (by applying new modulation techniques or designing antenna more properly for those systems, etc.).

The maximum bandwidth of the LTE cellular system, which operates at a sub-6 GHz operating frequency, is 200 MHz. However, WPAN, which operates in the 60 GHz unsilenced millimeter wave range, can give each channel a bandwidth of 2 GHz. The ITU classifies the millimeter wave band, which spans frequencies from 30 to 300 GHz, as extremely high frequency (or EHF). It is referred to as a millimeter wave since its wavelength varies from 1 millimeter to 10 millimeter. By providing high data rate wireless communication, where traffic from mobile and wireless devices will account for 71% of overall IP traffic, millimeter wave with massive MIMO will be crucial in meeting these demands.

N.B. We don't spam. Various posts about modern wireless communication systems, WLAN, 5G, IoTs, MIMO technology, Web design, programming, and other topics are published here. Don't forget tosubscribefor our newsletter.


Also read about

[1] 1G to 5G Technology - Evolution ofMobile Wireless Generations
[2] Important Wireless Communication Terms






Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions

Download Papers and Solutions Exam Pattern Preparation Tips FAQs More Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2026 PYQ ๐Ÿ“Š Exam Highlights: Electronic Science (88) Feature Details Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) ₹37,000 + HRA per month Eligibility M.Sc/M.Tech in Electronics (55%) Validity of Certificate JRF (3 Years) | Lectureship (Lifetime) ๐Ÿ“ฅ Download UGC NET Electronics PDFs Complete collection of previous year question papers, answer keys and explanations for Subject Code 88. Start Downloading ๐Ÿ“‚ View All Question Papers June 2026 - Question Paper Download PDF June 202...

Coherent vs. Non-Coherent Demodulation

  For demodulation In general: 1. Synchronous (coherent) demodulation Receiver generates a local carrier/oscillator . It combines/multiplies the received signal with that carrier. Then a filter extracts the message. Received signal ↓ × Local oscillator ↓ Low-pass filter ↓ Message So yes, carrier multiplication is a common implementation of synchronous demodulation . 2. Asynchronous (non-coherent) demodulation Receiver doesn't need a phase-synchronized local carrier . It uses properties of the received signal itself to recover the information. For ASK , an envelope detector is the classic example: ASK signal ↓ Diode + RC ↓ Envelope ↓ Comparator ↓ Data Modulation Synchronous demodulation Non-coherent/asynchronous demodulation ASK/OOK Local carrier + multiplier Envelope detector AM Product detector Envelope detector FSK Coherent correlator/mixer Frequency discriminator, filters, etc. PSK Local synchronized carrier + multiplier Differential/n...

Online Simulator for Frequency Modulatiuon and Demodulation

FM Modulation Simulator Frequency Modulation (FM) In Frequency Modulation, the frequency of the carrier signal varies in accordance with the message signal's amplitude. s FM (t) = A c cos(ฯ‰ c t + k f ∫m(t)dt) where ฯ‰ = 2ฯ€f & k f = Frequency Sensitivity Modulation index, ฮฒ = (k f * A m ) / f m Change the parameter values to see the effect. Message Freq (Hz) 1 Carrier Freq (Hz) Message Amplitude (Am) Kf (sensitivity): 50 Perform FM Demodulation ๐Ÿงช Experiment for Students: ...

(Filters) Free MATLAB alternative for signal analysis

Advanced Signal Filters Upload CSV (1st Col) or Audio (WAV, MP3, etc.) Generate Messy Signal (20Hz + 50Hz + 150Hz) No Operation FFT (Spectrum) Amplitude Modulation (AM) Double Sideband Supressed Carrier (DSBSC) Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Flat Top PAM Filters - LPF, HPF, BPF, Notch Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Cross Spectrum Filter Type: Signal Cleaner ...

CMOS Logic Gates: Inverter, NAND, and NOR

CMOS Logic Gates: Inverter, NAND, and NOR Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology forms the backbone of modern digital IC design. Patented by Frank Wanlass in 1963 ( US patent 3,356,858 ), CMOS enables low-power, high-speed, and noise-immune logic circuits. CMOS gates, including inverters, NAND, and NOR, are widely used in both large-scale and small-scale integrated circuits due to their efficiency and versatility. CMOS Inverter A CMOS inverter consists of a complementary pair of PMOS and NMOS transistors. The PMOS transistor connects to the supply voltage V DD , while the NMOS connects to ground. The input voltage V IN controls both gates, and the output voltage V OUT is taken from the connected drains. CMOS inverters are highly energy-efficient and produce minimal heat due to their comple...

Online Simulator for ASK, FSK, and PSK Signal Generation

Interactive Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Tutorial and Simulator for ASK, FSK, and BPSK modulation techniques. Try our new Digital Signal Processing Simulator!   •   Interactive ASK, FSK, and BPSK tools updated for 2025. Start Now Digital Modulation Visualizer: ASK, FSK, & BPSK Simulator Learn and visualize binary modulation techniques (ASK, FSK, BPSK) in real-time with adjustable carrier and sampling parameters. Perfect for DSP students and engineers. ๐Ÿ“ก ASK Simulator ๐Ÿ“ถ FSK Simulator ๐ŸŽš️ BPSK Simulator ๐Ÿ“š More Topics ASK Modulator FSK Modulator BPSK Modulator Demodulation More Topics 1. ASK (Ampli...

Interactive Sallen-Key filter Simulation (2nd order LPF)

  Sallen-Key Filter Explained: Why It’s the Most Popular Second-Order Low-Pass Filter Sallen-Key Filter Explained: Why It’s the Most Popular Second-Order Low-Pass Filter (With Math) If you're learning analog electronics, active filters, or preparing for engineering interviews and exams, you've probably come across the Sallen-Key filter . But what exactly is it, and why do engineers prefer it over simply cascading RC low-pass filters? Live Interactive Simulator Adjust the component values to see the real-time frequency response (Bode Plot). R1 (kฮฉ): 10 R2 (kฮฉ): 10 C1 (nF): 10 C2 (nF): 10 ...

OFDM Symbols and Subcarriers Explained

This article explains how OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols and subcarriers work. It covers modulation, mapping symbols to subcarriers, subcarrier frequency spacing, IFFT synthesis, cyclic prefix, and transmission. Step 1: Modulation First, modulate the input bitstream. For example, with 16-QAM , each group of 4 bits maps to one QAM symbol. Suppose we generate a sequence of QAM symbols: s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, …, s63 Step 2: Mapping Symbols to Subcarriers Assume N sub = 8 subcarriers. Each OFDM symbol in the frequency domain contains 8 QAM symbols (one per subcarrier): Mapping (example) OFDM symbol 1 → s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7 OFDM symbol 2 → s8, s9, s10, s11, s12, s13, s14, s15 … OFDM sym...