Skip to main content

Frequency Bands : EHF, SHF, UHF, VHF, HF, MF, LF, VLF and Their Uses


Frequency Bands and Their Uses

1. Extremely High Frequency (EHF) 30 - 300 GHz

Uses

2. Super High Frequency (SHF) 3 - 30 GHz

Uses

3. Ultra High Frequency (UHF) 300 - 3000 MHz

Uses

  • Satellite Communication
  • Television
  • Surveillance
  • Navigation aids

Also, read important wireless communication terms

4. Very High Frequency (VHF) 30 - 300 MHz

Uses

  • Television
  • FM broadcast
  • Navigation aids
  • Air traffic control

5. High Frequency (HF) 3 - 30 MHz

Uses

  • Telephone
  • Telegram and Facsimile
  • Ship to coast / ship to aircraft communication
  • Amateur radio

6. Medium Frequency (MF) 300 - 3000 KHz

Uses

  • Coast guard communication
  • Direction finding
  • AM broadcasting
  • Maritime radio

7. Low Frequency (LF) 30 - 300 KHz

Uses

  • Radio beacons
  • Navigational aids

8. Very Low Frequency (VLF) 3 - 30 KHz

Uses

  • Navigation
  • SONAR

Some Important Questions about Different Frequency Bands

Q. What is -3dB frequency response or -3dB bandwidth?

A. At the circuit level, the phrase -3dB frequency response is frequently used. In short, a -3dB frequency response indicates that the signal's power has decreased to half of what it was initially. The frequency at which the output gain is lowered to 70.71% of its highest value is defined by these -3dB corner frequency points. Then, we can rightly state that the frequency at which the system gain has decreased to 0.707 of its maximum value is at the -3dB point. [Read More]

Further Reading

๐Ÿ“Š MATLAB & ONLINE SIMULATIONS (Web-Based)
๐ŸŽ“ GATE & UGC - NET SOLUTIONS
๐Ÿ“ก WIRELESS & SIGNAL PROCESSING


Contact Us

Name

Email *

Message *

Popular Posts

CMOS Logic Gates: Inverter, NAND, and NOR

CMOS Logic Gates: Inverter, NAND, and NOR Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology forms the backbone of modern digital IC design. Patented by Frank Wanlass in 1963 ( US patent 3,356,858 ), CMOS enables low-power, high-speed, and noise-immune logic circuits. CMOS gates, including inverters, NAND, and NOR, are widely used in both large-scale and small-scale integrated circuits due to their efficiency and versatility. CMOS Inverter A CMOS inverter consists of a complementary pair of PMOS and NMOS transistors. The PMOS transistor connects to the supply voltage V DD , while the NMOS connects to ground. The input voltage V IN controls both gates, and the output voltage V OUT is taken from the connected drains. CMOS inverters are highly energy-efficient and produce minimal heat due to their comple...
Read more

UGC NET Electronic Science Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions

Download Papers and Solutions Exam Pattern Preparation Tips FAQs More Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2026 PYQ ๐Ÿ“Š Exam Highlights: Electronic Science (88) Feature Details Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) ₹37,000 + HRA per month Eligibility M.Sc/M.Tech in Electronics (55%) Validity of Certificate JRF (3 Years) | Lectureship (Lifetime) ๐Ÿ“ฅ Download UGC NET Electronics PDFs Complete collection of previous year question papers, answer keys and explanations for Subject Code 88. Start Downloading ๐Ÿ“‚ View All Question Papers June 2026 - Question Paper Download PDF June 202...
Read more

OFDM Symbols and Subcarriers Explained

This article explains how OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols and subcarriers work. It covers modulation, mapping symbols to subcarriers, subcarrier frequency spacing, IFFT synthesis, cyclic prefix, and transmission. Step 1: Modulation First, modulate the input bitstream. For example, with 16-QAM , each group of 4 bits maps to one QAM symbol. Suppose we generate a sequence of QAM symbols: s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, …, s63 Step 2: Mapping Symbols to Subcarriers Assume N sub = 8 subcarriers. Each OFDM symbol in the frequency domain contains 8 QAM symbols (one per subcarrier): Mapping (example) OFDM symbol 1 → s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7 OFDM symbol 2 → s8, s9, s10, s11, s12, s13, s14, s15 … OFDM sym...
Read more

IIR Filter Simulation

IIR Filter & Feedback Lab IIR Filter & Feedback Lab Exploring Recursive Systems: Where Output depends on Output 1 Input Signal $x[n]$ Signal Type Unit Impulse ฮด[n] Sine Wave Unit Step u[n] Frequency (for Sine) Notice: With an Impulse input, the output of an IIR filter can ring forever (Infinite response). 2 Feedback Coefficients Numerator $b$ (Feed-forward) Denominator $a$ (Feedback - $a_0$ is always 1) System Stable Try setting $a$ to 1.0, -1.1 to see an unstable system! ...
Read more

(Filters) Free MATLAB alternative for signal analysis

Advanced Signal Filters Upload CSV (1st Col) or Audio (WAV, MP3, etc.) Generate Messy Signal (20Hz + 50Hz + 150Hz) No Operation FFT (Spectrum) Amplitude Modulation (AM) Double Sideband Supressed Carrier (DSBSC) Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Flat Top PAM Filters - LPF, HPF, BPF, Notch Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Cross Spectrum Filter Type: Signal Cleaner ...
Read more

Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) in MATLAB

  MATLAB Code M = 4; % QPSK numSymbols = 10000; numTrainingSymbols = 5000; chtaps = [1 0.5*exp(1i*pi/6) 0.1*exp(-1i*pi/8)]; % Generate QPSK symbols data = randi([0 M-1], numSymbols, 1); tx = pskmod(data, M, pi/4); % DFE setup eq = comm.DecisionFeedbackEqualizer; eq.ReferenceTap = 1; eq.NumForwardTaps = 5; eq.NumFeedbackTaps = 3; % SNR sweep snrVec = 0:5:25; % 0,5,10,...25 dB berBefore = zeros(size(snrVec)); berAfter = zeros(size(snrVec)); for k = 1:length(snrVec) % Apply channel and AWGN rx = awgn(filter(chtaps,1,tx), snrVec(k), 'measured' ); % BER before equalization rxDataNoEq = pskdemod(rx, M, pi/4); [~, berBefore(k)] = biterr(data, rxDataNoEq); % Equalize [y,~,~] = eq(rx, tx(1:numTrainingSymbols)); % Phase correction phaseOffset = angle(mean(conj(tx(1:numTrainingSymbols)) .* y(1:numTrainingSymbols))); yCorrected = y * exp(-1i*phaseOffset); % BER after equalization rxDataEq = pskdemod(yCorrected, M, pi/4); [...
Read more

The electric field of a monochromatic plane wave travelling in a lossless isotropic and homogenous medium is given by E(z, t) = ...

  Q. The electric field of a monochromatic plane wave travelling in a lossless isotropic and homogenous medium is given by E(z, t) = E₀ [x̂ cos(ฯ‰t − kz) + ลท sin(ฯ‰t − kz)] in a right-handed orthogonal co-ordinate system. Which of the following is the correct polarization of the electromagnetic wave? (A) Right-handed circularly polarized Correct answer under the IEEE convention. (B) Left-handed circularly polarized (C) Linearly polarized (D) Linearly polarized at −45° to x̂ Solution 1. Identify the electric-field components Let ฯˆ = ฯ‰t − kz. The components along the x and y directions are: Eโ‚“ = E₀ cos ฯˆ Eแตง = E₀ sin ฯˆ Both components have equal amplitudes, the same frequency, and a phase difference of 90°. These are the conditions for circular polarization. ...
Read more

Online Simulator for Frequency Modulatiuon and Demodulation

FM Modulation Simulator Frequency Modulation (FM) In Frequency Modulation, the frequency of the carrier signal varies in accordance with the message signal's amplitude. s FM (t) = A c cos(ฯ‰ c t + k f ∫m(t)dt) where ฯ‰ = 2ฯ€f & k f = Frequency Sensitivity Modulation index, ฮฒ = (k f * A m ) / f m Change the parameter values to see the effect. Message Freq (Hz) 1 Carrier Freq (Hz) Message Amplitude (Am) Kf (sensitivity): 50 Perform FM Demodulation ๐Ÿงช Experiment for Students: ...
Read more