Advanced Transformer Simulator

Primary Input

Voltage (V_p) 230 Frequency (f) 50

Construction

Primary Turns (N_p) 500 Secondary Turns (N_s) 250 Core Area (A) cm² 25

Load

Resistance (R_L) Ω 100

CORE STATE: NORMAL

Electromagnetic Visualization

Flux Density (B)0.0 T

Peak Flux (Φ)0.0 mWb

Ratio (k)0.5

Live Measurements

V-Secondary0 V

I-Secondary0 A

Efficiency0%

Machine Status

Operating as an ideal transformer.

Real-time Waveform Analysis

The Mathematics of Induction

1. The Universal EMF Equation

The Root Mean Square (RMS) voltage induced in a transformer winding is determined by the frequency, turns, and maximum magnetic flux.

E = 4.44 ⋅ f ⋅ N ⋅ Φ_m

Where f is frequency, N is number of turns, and Φ_m is peak magnetic flux in Webers.

2. Magnetic Flux Density (B)

This calculates how "crowded" the magnetic field lines are in the core. If B exceeds 1.4 - 1.6 Tesla, the iron core saturates.

B = Φ_m / A

Where A is the cross-sectional area of the core in m².

3. Transformation Ratio (k)

The relationship between primary and secondary voltage is directly proportional to the number of wire wraps (turns).

V_s / V_p = N_s / N_p = k

If k > 1, it is a Step-Up transformer. If k < 1, it is Step-Down.

4. Faraday's Law (Instantaneous)

The oscilloscope shows the phase shift because induced voltage is the negative rate of change of magnetic flux.

e(t) = -N (dΦ / dt)

This explains why the Flux waveform lags the Voltage waveform by 90°.