๐ Overview ๐งฎ Simulator for constellation diagrams of ASK, FSK, and PSK ๐งฎ Theory ๐งฎ MATLAB Codes ๐ Further Reading BASK (Binary ASK) Modulation: Transmits one of two signals: 0 or -√Eb, where Eb is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1. BFSK (Binary FSK) Modulation: Transmits one of two signals: +√Eb ( On the y-axis, the phase shift of 90 degrees with respect to the x-axis, which is also termed phase offset ) or √Eb (on x-axis), where Eb is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1. BPSK (Binary PSK) Modulation: Transmits one of two signals: +√Eb or -√Eb (they differ by 180 degree phase shift), where Eb is the energy per bit. These signals represent binary 0 and 1. Simulator for BASK, BPSK, and BFSK Constellation Diagrams SNR (dB): 15 Add A...
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๐ Overview ๐ Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) ๐ Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) ๐ Phase Shift Keying (PSK) ๐ Which of the modulation techniques—ASK, FSK, or PSK—can achieve higher bit rates? ๐งฎ MATLAB Codes ๐ Simulator for binary ASK, FSK, and PSK Modulation ๐ Further Reading ASK or OFF ON Keying Ask is a simple (less complex) Digital Modulation Scheme where we vary the modulation signal's amplitude or voltage by the message signal's amplitude or voltage. We select two levels (two different voltage levels) for transmitting modulated message signals for the exam. And for example, we mapped the signal as two-level "+5 Volt" (which is the upper level) and another level, "0 Volt," which is considered as the lower level. Whenever we need to transmit binary bit "1," then the transmitter transmits a signal of "+5 Volts," and when we need to send bit "0," t...
๐ Overview ๐งฎ Multipath Components or MPCs ๐งฎ Excess Delay spread ๐งฎ Power delay Profile ๐งฎ RMS Delay Spread ๐งฎ Simulator for Calculating RMS Delay Spread ๐งฎ Why is there significant multipath in the case of very high frequencies? ๐งฎ Why RMS Delay Spread is essential for wireless communication? ๐งฎ Why the Power Delay Profile is essential? ๐งฎ MATLAB Codes ๐ Further Reading Signal Processing RMS Delay Spread, Excess Delay Spread, and Multipath... RMS Delay Spread, Excess Delay Spread, and Multipath (MPCs) The fundamental distinction between wireless and wired connections is that in wireless connections signal reaches at receiver thru multipath signal propagation rather than directed transmission like co-axial cable. Wireless Communication has no set communication path between the transmitter and the receiver. The line of sight path, also known as the LOS path, is the shortest and most direc...
๐ Overview of BER and SNR ๐งฎ Simulator for m-ary QAM and m-ary PSK ๐งฎ MATLAB Codes ๐ Further Reading Modulation Constellation Diagrams BER vs. SNR BER vs SNR for M-QAM, M-PSK, QPSk, BPSK, ... What is Bit Error Rate (BER)? The abbreviation BER stands for bit error rate, which indicates how many corrupted bits are received (after the demodulation process) compared to the total number of bits sent in a communication process. It is defined as, In mathematics, BER = (number of bits received in error / total number of transmitted bits) On the other hand, SNR refers to the signal-to-noise power ratio. For ease of calculation, we commonly convert it to dB or decibels. What is Signal the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)? SNR = signal power/noise power (SNR is a ratio of signal power to noise power) SNR (in dB) = 10*log(signal power / noise power) [base 10] For instance,...
๐ Overview ๐งฎ Simulator ๐งฎ Noise Sensitivity, Bandwidth, Complexity, etc. ๐งฎ MATLAB Codes ๐งฎ Some Questions and Answers ๐ Further Reading Modulation ASK, FSK & PSK Constellation MATLAB Simulink MATLAB Code Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK Comparisons among ASK, PSK, and FSK Simulator for Calculating Bandwidth of ASK, FSK, and PSK The baud rate represents the number of symbols transmitted per second. Both baud rate and bit rate are same for binary ASK, FSK, and PSK. Select Modulation Type: ASK FSK PSK Baud Rate or Bit Rate (bps): Frequency Deviation (Hz) for FSK: Calculate Bandwidth Comparison among ASK, FSK, and PSK Performance Comparison: 1. Noise Sensitivity: - ASK is the most sensitive to noise due to its r...
๐ Overview ๐งฎ Equal gain combining (EGC) ๐งฎ Maximum ratio combining (MRC) ๐งฎ Selective combining (SC) ๐งฎ Root mean square gain combining (RMSGC) ๐งฎ Zero-Forcing (ZF) Combining ๐งฎ MATLAB Code ๐ Further Reading There are different antenna gain-combining methods. They are as follows. 1. Equal gain combining (EGC) 2. Maximum ratio combining (MRC) 3. Selective combining (SC) 4. Root mean square gain combining (RMSGC) 5. Zero-Forcing (ZF) Combining 1. Equal gain combining method Equal Gain Combining (EGC) is a diversity combining technique in which the receiver aligns the phase of the received signals from multiple antennas (or channels) but gives them equal amplitude weight before summing. This means each received signal is phase-corrected to be coherent with others, but no scaling is applied based on signal strength or channel quality (unlike MRC). Mathematically, for received signa...
Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2022: Previous Year Question Papers ... NET | GATE | ESE | UGC-NET (Electronics Science, Subject code: 88 ) UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2024] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2024] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2023] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2023] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2022] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2022] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2021] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2020] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2019] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer...
๐งฎ Coherence Bandwidth ๐งฎ Coherence Time ๐งฎ Coherence Time Calculator ๐งฎ Relationship between Coherence Time and Delay Spread ๐งฎ MATLAB Code to find Relationship between Coherence Time and delay Spread ๐ Further Reading Coherence Bandwidth Coherence bandwidth is a concept in wireless communication and signal processing that relates to the frequency range over which a wireless channel remains approximately constant in terms of its characteristics. coherence bandwidth is The inverse of Doppler spread delay time, or any spread delay time due to fading in general. The coherence bandwidth is related to the delay spread of the channel, which is a measure of the time it takes for signals to traverse the channel. The two are related by the following formulae: Coherence bandwidth = 1/(delay spread time) Or, Coherence Bandwidth = 1/(root-mean-square delay spread time) (Coherence bandwidth in Hertz) For instance, the coherence bandwidth is...