Signal Chain Simulator
Follow the data from the physical world to the cloud.
Instructions--> 1.System ON 2.ADC ON 3.Filter ON
MEMS & Sensors
Detects heartbeats as tiny electrical pulses.
Raw: 0.01mVAmplifiers
Boosts mV signal to V levels for processing.
Gain: 1xData Converters
Sampling & Encoding (8-bit)
DSP / Processors
Mathematical noise filtering & analysis.
RF & Microwave
Transmits data wirelessly to the hospital.
The Engineering Workflow: How it Works
1. Signal Conditioning (Amplifiers)
The raw sensor signal ($V_{in}$) is often in millivolts—too small to process. The Amplifier applies a **Linear Gain ($G$)**:
Vout = Vin × G
Increasing the slider increases $G$, expanding the Dynamic Range of the signal so the ADC can "see" it better.
2. The ADC Workflow (Data Converters)
Converting the continuous wave into data involves three distinct mathematical steps:
- Sampling: The signal is "frozen" at specific intervals ($T_s$). In this sim, we sample every 15 pixels. This is the Sample and Hold phase.
- Quantization: The infinite analog voltage is rounded to the nearest "Step." With an 8-bit converter, we have $2^8 = 256$ possible levels.
- Encoding: The level is mapped to a binary string:
Binary = dec2bin(round(Vsample / StepSize))
3. Digital Processing (DSP)
Once in the digital domain, we use algorithms to fix errors. When "Filter" is ON, the simulator performs a **Noise Reduction**:
Signalclean = ∫ f(t) dt ≈ Σ samples / N
By calculating the Moving Average or using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT), we separate the heartbeat from the static noise.
4. Infrastructure (Power & RF)
Power: Uses LDO (Low Dropout) regulators to ensure the Voltage Reference ($V_{ref}$) for the ADC doesn't fluctuate, preventing "Quantization Errors."
RF: Takes the final processed Binary string and modulates it onto a carrier wave (e.g., 5.8GHz) for wireless transmission using Phase Shift Keying (PSK).