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Why Power Plants Step Up Voltage?

 

When the transformer step up voltage 230 V to 11 KV, where the current go? Because if voltage increases should not current also increase. But transformer follow energy conservation law. So,

 Input Power = Output Power 

Or, Vp * Ip = Vs * Is

(for Ideal Transformers)

where, Vp = Primary volage

Vs = Secondary Voltage

Ip = Primary Current

Is = secondary Current


So, Voltage multiplied by current on primary side equals to volage multiplied by current on secondary side.

When volage is stepped up by 10 times. the current must reduce 10 times to maintain the same power.

So, a transformer taking 100 amperes at 230-volt output only 10 amperes 2300-volt. That's why power plant step up volage to 400 kV for transmission because reducing current by 1000 time reduces heat loss by 1 million times in the power lines.


 

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