Let me explain an electrical science example to demonstrate. We are all aware that maximum power can be transmitted through an external load in a circuit when the internal resistance of the source is equal to the resistance of the external load. The concept of "resistance matching" for optimal power transmission is expanded to "impedance matching" when working in the frequency domain and incorporating capacitors and inductors into our circuits, where impedance is effectively a complex-valued resistance. The maximum power transfer point in these circumstances occurs when the source impedance and the load impedance are complex conjugates.   Impedance matching in electronics is the process of designing or modifying an electrical device's input impedance or output impedance to a desired value. The target value is frequently chosen to increase power transfer or decrease signal reflection. Impedance matching, for instance, is frequently used to enhance power transfer ...

  Low Pass Filter In most cases, filters extract the required frequency from a signal. Low-pass filters only permit frequencies falling below and attenuating frequencies above the cutoff frequency. Low-pass filters generally have a form where the output decays at higher frequencies. Low-Pass Filter Transfer Function Let’s take the following simple transfer function: \[ H(z) = \frac{1}{1 + 0.5z^{-1}} \] Analysis of the Transfer Function The denominator suggests it’s a low-pass filter because it has a single pole and the gain decreases as frequency increases (in the discrete-time case, this is for higher \(\omega\)). At low frequencies, the magnitude will be close to 1, but as the frequency increases, the magnitude will drop. Fig: Low Pass Filter A low pass filter's cutoff frequency is calculated as Cut off frequency = 1 / 2*pi*R*C High Pass Filter All frequencies in a signal above the high pass filter'...

Time invariant system: Any delay provided in input must be reflected in output for a time invariant system. Time variant system (TV):  Abovementioned condition is not applicable for a time variant systems. Next>> <<Previous   Signal and System Home page

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / What is Current Mirror? ...   Solve: In the circuit shown below, the voltage at each drain terminal is Choose the correct option    Answer: Option 1 (See the explanation below) What is current mirror? When two transistors are connected thru their source or drain terminals, then current thru each of them will be identical if they are matched or their width (W) and length (L) are same. In this case, two transistors are matched when their width and length are same.  If they mismatches then current flows according to their ratio of width and length to other (transistor).  Let, assume there are two transistors of width W1 and length L1 and width W2 and length L2, respectively. then,  i1 / i2 = (W1/L1) / (W2/L2) where, i1 = current flow thru transistor 1             i2 = current flow thru transistor 2  Solution of the above question We are assuming that both transistors are ma...

Filters FIR vs. IIR Digital Filters and Recursive vs. Non-Recursive Filters Key Features The higher the order of a filter, the sharper the stopband transition  The sharpness of FIR and IIR filters is very different for the same order  A FIR filter has an equal time delay at all frequencies, while the IIR filter's time delay varies with frequency. Usually, the biggest time delay in the IIR filter is at the filter's cutoff frequency. The term 'IR' (impulse response) is in both FIR and IIR. The term 'impulse response' refers to the appearance of the filter in the time domain.  1. What Is the Difference Between an FIR and an IIR Filters? The two major classifications of digital filters used for signal filtration are FIR and IIR. The primary distinction between FIR and IIR filters is that the FIR filter provides a finite period impulse response. In contrast, IIR is a type of filter that produces an infinite-duration impulse response...

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / NTA : Previous Year Question Papers ...   Every year, the NTA holds various examinations for various subjects. Previous year question papers for various exams such as UGC-NET, JEE-Main, NEET, AIAPGT, JNU, ARPIT, NCHM, ICAR-AIEEA-UG, ICAR-AIEEA-PG, ICAR-AIEEA-JRF, IGNOU, SWAYAM, CMAT, GPAT, CSIR, IIFT, KCET, DUET, AISSEE,NSU, GNDU, MEA-JSS, MEA-SWAYAM, IIMC, NIS, FNCON, Ind-SAT, NLU, LHMC, IGNOU Recruitment, CUCET and others can be found here. Previous year papers for various exam types can be found here. Get Previous Year Question Papers

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / UGC NET 2022: Previous Year Question Papers ...   NET | GATE | ESE | UGC-NET (Electronics Science, Subject code: 88 ) UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2024] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2024] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2023] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2023] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2022]  UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2022]   UGC Net Electronic Science Questions Paper With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2021] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [June 2020] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer Key Download Pdf [December 2019] UGC Net Electronic Science Questions With Answer...

1. Basic Calculator 2. Frequency to wavelength converter 3. dB to ratio converter 4. dB to dBm converter 5. Series Equivalent Resistance 6. Delta to star conversion 7. Star to delta conversion Basic Calculator Use Easy Conversion Chart Frequency to wavelength converter Tips: If your input value is not in the required format, use our basic calculator to convert it to the appropriate format. (SNR) dB to ratio converter dB to dBm converter Tips: If your input value is not in the required format, use our basic calculator to convert it to the appropriate format. Calculate equivalent series resistance Star to Delta Conversion Delta to star Conversion ...

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / Communications (EC) Study Material ...   NET & GATE: Communications (EC) Study Material What is an error in a communication system? In wireless communication, we sometimes receive the wrong bit, i.e., the transmitter sends binary '1', but we're receiving binary '0' on the receiver side. That is called a bit of error. Now, we'll tell you why this error occurs. We are all aware of signal attenuation and additive noise in wireless communication. You also know that we use a threshold level at the receiver to detect '0' or '1'. Anyhow if the signal is much affected by attenuation or noise, then we receive binary '0' instead of '1' and vice versa. We commonly use the term 'bit error rate' to measure bit error. Bit error rate tells us how many bits are affected among the total number of bits transmitted. What are the possible remedies to reduce the bit error rate? Channel Coding ...

  1. Resistor A transformer is a component that resists current flow. For example, you're probably aware that a smartphone runs on 3–4 volts. The smartphone's charger then converts the 220-volt AC to 5-6 volt DC. To step down the AC voltage to 5-6 volt DC at the charger, we'll need resistors, transformers, and capacitors. 2. Capacitor  It does not allow dc current to pass through circuits. Filtration, voltage storage, and ac to dc conversion are other primary roles. We all know that a capacitor prevents DC current from flowing. DC current can produce rippling in communication systems, degrading signal quality. As a result, it's critical to get the desired frequency through electronic circuitry. With the help of capacitors and inductors, we may pass high pass, low pass, or baseband signals as required. 3. Inductance It stores currently. It Prevents sudden changes of current in the circuit. High inductance allows it to pass high frequency, and low inductance allows it ...

The transformation of a star to a delta and a delta to a star circuit is a hot topic in electrical science and engineering. Examiners often ask about the conversion of star to delta and delta to star circuit diagram. When solving complex circuits, the conversion procedure can sometimes ease calculations and save time. Without further ado, we'll go over the characteristics of both a star and a delta circuit. As its title suggests, the star circuit looks like a star. Delta circuit, on the other hand, looks like a delta. Now we'll look at the mathematical method for converting delta to star and star to delta. Delta to Star R1 = RaRb / (Ra + Rb + Rc) R2 = RbRc / (Ra + Rb + Rc) R3 = RaRc / (Ra + Rb + Rc) Use star to delta online converter and vice versa Star to Delta Ra = (R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1) / R2 Rb = (R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1) / R3 Rc = (R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1) / R1 Next Page>>

Home / Engineering & Other Exams / Exam Date, Admit Card, Answer Key, News ...   ◈ SSC Exams  ◈ Engineering Exams SSC Exams Engineering Exams    GATE 2023 (notification)    ESE 2023 (notification)    UGC-NET (ugcnet.nta.nic.in)     SSC CGL 2022: Notification is out. Kindly visit: 'ssc.nic.in' to apply online. Firstly, open the website then. Then go to the upper navbar and click the 'Apply' tab. Then 'CGL' option will be shown. Then apply for 'CGL 2022'. SSC JE 2022: Now, the Notification is out. Apply online. SSC JE official notification is now available on the website  https://ssc.nic.in   Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical engineers are eligible to apply. Visit the official website to learn more about the eligibility requirements. The online application process has already started. The examination will likely be held in November 2022. Let us now talk about the examinatio...

GATE-ESE-NET NET & GATE : Digital Circuits & Electromagnetics (EC) Study Material ◈ Digital Circuits ◈ Electromagnetics 1.Digital Circuits: What is a MUX? MUX is abbreviation of 'Multiplexer'. Where numbers of data streams are multiplexed to be transmitted thru same channel as parallel data streams. In case of modulation techniques, for example in QPSK modulation scheme we see two signals are transmitted thru same channel and even at same time also are signals are with different phase. If we do not apply modulation for this particular situation then we need to send two signals separately one by one. For your knowledge, modulation enables multiplexing of data in a communication media. What is K-map? K-map is used to minimize the logic operations in a combining circuit. It is helps to improve power efficiency by reducing propagation time thru different gates by minimizing number of operation a well. Which directly impacts circuit's cost. Question In the above diagra...