Build a Student Management System with FastAPI and React

In this tutorial, we’ll demonstrate how to create a student management system using Python's FastAPI for the backend and React.js for the frontend. This system includes functionalities for adding, viewing, and updating student data. It uses JWT (JSON Web Token) for secure authentication, ensuring that only authorized users can manage student records.

Project Overview

Our project is a Student Management System designed to simplify the management of student data for educational institutions. The system allows administrators to:

View and manage student records including personal details, courses, GPA, enrollment status, etc.
Add new student records into the system.
Update existing student records when necessary.
Authenticate users with secure JWT tokens to ensure only authorized access.

Frontend: React.js

The React.js frontend allows users to interact with the system. Below is the component for the student dashboard, where users can view and update student information.

Your Dashboard

Your Records

John Doe

Course: Computer Science

GPA: 3.8

Status: Active

Update Profile

Frontend Code

import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
import { logout } from '../utils/auth';
import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';

function Dashboard() {
  const [todos, setTodos] = useState([]);
  const [newTodo, setNewTodo] = useState({
    title: '',
    description: '',
    gender: 'other',
    date_of_birth: '',
    phone_number: '',
    address: '',
    enrollment_date: '',
    course: '',
    gpa: '',
    is_active: true,
  });
  const navigate = useNavigate();

useEffect(() => {
    const token = localStorage.getItem('access_token');
    fetch('http://localhost:8000/auth/me', {
      headers: {
        Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
      },
    })
      .then((res) => res.json())
      .then((data) => {
        setTodos(data.todos || []);
      })
      .catch(() => alert('Error fetching user data'));
  }, []);

const handleSubmit = (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const token = localStorage.getItem('access_token');

fetch('http://localhost:8000/todos', {
      method: 'POST',
      headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
      },
      body: JSON.stringify(newTodo),
    })
      .then((res) => res.json())
      .then((data) => {
        setTodos((prevTodos) => [...prevTodos, data]);
        setNewTodo({
          title: '',
          description: '',
          gender: 'other',
          date_of_birth: '',
          phone_number: '',
          address: '',
          enrollment_date: '',
          course: '',
          gpa: '',
          is_active: true,
        });
      })
      .catch(() => alert('Error adding todo'));
  };

const handleLogout = () => {
    logout();
    navigate('/login');
  };

return (
    <div>
<div className="App bg-transparent flex flex-col items-start p-4">
  <h2 className="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-800 mb-6">Your Dashboard</h2>

{/* Logout Button */}
  <div className="mt-4 flex justify-end w-full">
    <button onClick={handleLogout} className="bg-red-500 text-white py-2 px-4 rounded-md hover:bg-blue-600 transition-all duration-300">
      Logout
    </button>
  </div>
</div>

<h3 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-gray-800 mb-4">Your Records</h3>
<div className="mt-4 flex justify-start">
        <button
          className="bg-blue-500 text-white py-2 px-4 rounded-md hover:bg-blue-600 transition-all duration-300"
          onClick={() => handleUpdateClick(todo)}
        >
          Update
        </button>
		</div>
<ul className="space-y-4">
  {todos.map((todo, i) => (
    <li
      key={i}
      className="bg-white p-4 rounded-lg shadow-md border border-gray-200 hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all duration-200"
    >
      <div className="space-y-2">
        <div className="font-semibold text-lg text-blue-500">{todo.title}</div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">Description:</strong> {todo.description}
        </div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">Gender:</strong> {todo.gender}
        </div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">Date of Birth:</strong> {todo.date_of_birth}
        </div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">Phone Number:</strong> {todo.phone_number}
        </div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">Address:</strong> {todo.address}
        </div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">Enrollment Date:</strong> {todo.enrollment_date}
        </div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">Course:</strong> {todo.course}
        </div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">GPA:</strong> {todo.gpa}
        </div>
        <div className="text-gray-700">
          <strong className="text-gray-900">Active:</strong>{' '}
          {todo.is_active ? 'Yes' : 'No'}
        </div>
      </div>
    </li>
  ))}
</ul>
	
<div className="App bg-transparent flex justify-center items-center min-h-screen p-4">
  <section className="w-full max-w-lg bg-white shadow-lg rounded-lg p-8 mb-8">
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="space-y-4">
      <h3 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-gray-800">Update Profile</h3>
      
      {/* Title */}
      <input 
        name="title" 
        placeholder="Title" 
        value={newTodo.title} 
        onChange={handleInputChange} 
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none" 
        required 
      />
      
      {/* Description */}
      <input 
        name="description" 
        placeholder="Description" 
        value={newTodo.description} 
        onChange={handleInputChange} 
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none" 
      />
      
      {/* Gender */}
      <select 
        name="gender" 
        value={newTodo.gender} 
        onChange={handleInputChange} 
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none"
      >
        <option value="male">Male</option>
        <option value="female">Female</option>
        <option value="other">Other</option>
      </select>

{/* Date of Birth */}
      <input 
        type="date" 
        name="date_of_birth" 
        value={newTodo.date_of_birth} 
        onChange={handleInputChange}  
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none"
      />
      
      {/* Phone Number */}
      <input 
        name="phone_number" 
        placeholder="Phone Number" 
        value={newTodo.phone_number} 
        onChange={handleInputChange} 
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none"
      />
      
      {/* Address */}
      <input 
        name="address" 
        placeholder="Address" 
        value={newTodo.address} 
        onChange={handleInputChange} 
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none"
      />
      
      {/* Enrollment Date */}
      <input 
        type="date" 
        name="enrollment_date" 
        value={newTodo.enrollment_date} 
        onChange={handleInputChange} 
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none"
      />
      
      {/* Course */}
      <input 
        name="course" 
        placeholder="Course" 
        value={newTodo.course} 
        onChange={handleInputChange} 
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none"
      />
      
      {/* GPA */}
      <input 
        name="gpa" 
        placeholder="GPA" 
        value={newTodo.gpa} 
        onChange={handleInputChange} 
        className="border border-gray-300 p-3 rounded-md w-full focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:outline-none"
      />
      
      {/* Active checkbox */}
      <div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
        <label className="text-gray-700">Active:</label>
        <input 
          type="checkbox" 
          name="is_active" 
          checked={newTodo.is_active} 
          onChange={handleInputChange} 
          className="focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
        />
      </div>

{/* Submit Button */}
      <button 
        type="submit" 
        className="bg-blue-500 text-white py-3 rounded-md w-full hover:bg-blue-600 transition duration-200 focus:outline-none"
      >
        Submit
      </button>
    </form>
  </section>
</div>

</div>
  );
}

export default Dashboard;

Connecting the Frontend to the Backend

To connect the frontend to the backend, you will make API calls from the client-side (frontend) code. The backend (FastAPI) will process these requests on the server-side, validating the username and password against the credentials stored in a database. If the credentials match, the user will be authenticated.

Once the user is logged in, the client browser stores a JWT token in localStorage. This token helps keep the user signed in and allows for continuous communication with the backend whenever authentication is required.

Backend Code

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from . import auth, crud, models, schemas
from .database import engine, SessionLocal, get_db
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from .auth.routes import router as auth_router
from .auth.utils import get_current_user

app = FastAPI()

# CORS setup
app.add_middleware(
    CORSMiddleware,
    allow_origins=["*"],  # Consider restricting this in production
    allow_credentials=True,
    allow_methods=["*"],
    allow_headers=["*"],
)

# Auth router
app.include_router(auth_router)

# Root route
@app.get("/")
def root():
    return {"message": "Welcome to the User Auth API"}

# GET /todos (authenticated)
@app.get("/todos", response_model=list[schemas.TodoRead])
def get_my_todos(
    current_user: schemas.User = Depends(get_current_user),
    db: Session = Depends(get_db)
):
    return crud.get_todos_by_user(db, user_id=current_user.id)

# POST /todos (authenticated)
@app.post("/todos", response_model=schemas.TodoRead)
def create_todo(
    todo: schemas.TodoCreate,
    current_user: schemas.User = Depends(get_current_user),
    db: Session = Depends(get_db)
):
    return crud.create_user_todo(db, user_id=current_user.id, todo=todo)

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