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Universal Gates


Universal Gates

Universal gates are logic gates that can be used to implement any Boolean function—meaning you can build all other basic gates (AND, OR, NOT) using only that single type of gate.

The two universal gates are:

  • NAND gate
  • NOR gate

Minimum number of gates required

Using NAND gates

  • NOT gate = 1 NAND
  • AND gate = 2 NANDs
  • OR gate = 3 NANDs

Using NOR gates

  • NOT gate = 1 NOR
  • OR gate = 2 NORs
  • AND gate = 3 NORs

Summary

  • A gate is called universal because just one type (either all NANDs or all NORs) is enough to build any digital circuit.
  • The numbers above are the minimum required to realize basic gates.

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