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Note: If the cutoff frequency is 50 Hz:

Low-Pass Filter (LPF): Passes all frequencies from 0 Hz up to 50 Hz.

High-Pass Filter (HPF): Passes all frequencies from 50 Hz to infinity.

Band-Pass Filter (BPF): If the Q factor is 1, then the bandwidth is 50 Hz (BW = f₀ / Q = 50 / 1 = 50 Hz). So the passband range is from (50 − 25) Hz to (50 + 25) Hz, i.e., 25 Hz to 75 Hz.

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